Originally known as Bytown, Ottawa was once a very small lumber town, very isolated as well. In 1857, when Queen Victoria chose Ottawa to be the new capital of the United Province of Canada, many people in more established cities such as Montreal, Toronto, Kingston, or Quebec were very surprised by her decision.
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Originally known as Bytown, Ottawa was once a very small lumber town, very isolated as well. In 1857, when Queen Victoria chose Ottawa to be the new capital of the United Province of Canada, many people in more established cities such as Montreal, Toronto, Kingston, or Quebec were very surprised by her decision.
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Ottawa, city, capital of Canada, located in southeastern Ontario. In the eastern extreme of the province, Ottawa is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River across from Gatineau, Quebec, at the confluence of the Ottawa (Outaouais), Gatineau, and Rideau rivers. The Ottawa River (some 790 miles [1,270 km] long), the principal tributary of the St. Lawrence River, was a key factor in the city’s settlement and development; its watershed, covering more than 57,000 square miles (148,000 square km), facilitated the transport of resources such as furs, timber, and minerals from the region. The river’s Chaudière Falls, just west of the Rideau Canal, while initially a navigational hazard for the fur trade and later for the transport of logging rafts, ultimately proved to be an asset in the production of hydroelectric power for the city and a boon to the growth of industry.
Ottawa: Rideau Canal and Parliament Buildings
Ottawa: Rideau Canal and Parliament Buildings
Rideau Canal and Parliament Buildings, Ottawa.
© Creatas/JupiterImages
Originally a trading and lumbering community that grew into a town of regional significance, Ottawa was named the capital of the Province of Canada in 1857 and retained that status when Canada became a dominion within the British Commonwealth in 1867. Because of its location on the boundary between English-speaking Ontario and French-speaking Quebec and its position as national capital, Ottawa is one of the most bilingual cities in the country. Area, 1,077 square miles (2,790 square km); Ottawa-Gatineau metro. area, 2,427 square miles (6,287 square km). Pop. (2011) 883,391; Ottawa-Gatineau metro. area, 1,254,919; (2016) 934,243; Ottawa-Gatineau metro. area, 1,323,783.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Parliament Buildings
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Parliament Buildings
The Canadian Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, Ontario.
© Library of Parliament (Canada)/Karen Cooper (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Actual continental drift of plates. Thematic map.
BRITANNICA QUIZ
Capital Cities by Continent Quiz, Easier Edition
What makes this quiz easier? Instead of the four continents you’re choosing from in every question of that other quiz, here you’ve got just two. Everything else is the same. See a city, pick where it’s located. Simple, right?
History
The earliest inhabitants of the Ottawa region were members of the Algonquin First Nation (Native Americans), who established settlements in the Ottawa River valley. The tribe known as the Ottawa (Outaouais), however, settled in the area for only a short period during the mid-1600s; their traditional territory was considerably farther west on Lake Huron. They were well known as traders (the name Ottawa is believed to be derived from an Algonquian word meaning “to trade”), and they took part in the local fur trade.
The first descriptions of Ottawa’s future site were written in 1613 by the founder of New France, Samuel de Champlain. The rivers served as passageways for explorers and fur traders over the following two centuries. In 1763 France ceded all of New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain under the Treaty of Paris. The Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815) increased Britain’s need for shipbuilding timber, and the Ottawa River valley offered just such resources. In 1800 a group of farmers from Massachusetts led by Philemon Wright established the area’s first permanent town, Wrightsville, north of the Ottawa River. (It was incorporated in 1875 as the city of Hull, now part of Gatineau.) Wright began harvesting trees in 1806, giving rise to a timber trade that attracted lumberjacks and other itinerant workers. Permanent settlement on the south bank of the river did not occur until the following decade, when, during the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States, it became apparent that the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Kingston, Ontario, was vulnerable to attack as both a military and an economic target. The British proposed turning the Rideau River into a canal to serve as an alternate shipping and transportation route, diverting traffic up the Ottawa River to Chaudière Falls and back down to Kingston.
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