Orphan lizards is found stuck to the wall what enables it to do so
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In physical chemistry, both intra- and intermolecular forces of attraction determine how the material of compound is structured and reacts to external forces or solvents.
The intramolecular forces (covalent, metallic, and ionic) are very strong, relative to intermolecular forces of attraction.
They hold atoms or molecules together, forming the element or compound, and is a proper chemical bond.
On the other hand, intermolecular forces (VDW, hydrogen, non-covalent) are how neighbouring particles interact with each other.
They aren’t real bonds, in the way that intramolecular bonds are, and are much weaker.
Because of their weakness, I always assumed that they would not have a significant effect on a scale larger than molecules and atoms.
Let’s dive straight into VDW forces since that’s of interest now.To be specific, hydrogen bonds are a form of VDW forces.
As they are the strongest of the bunch by a large margin, they tend to be mentioned in addition to VDW forces even though technically it’s redundant repetition.
The basic principle is that opposite charges attract and like charges repel.
There are two main causes of VDW forces. The first one is the revolution of electrons around the atom.
As the electrons are not static (i.e. they move), their negative charge also moves with them. This means that one side of an atom is sometimes slightly more negatively charged than other times, which is indicated by δ- at the negatively charged parts and δ+ at the positively charged parts.
When you have a whole lot of atoms or molecules, inevitably sometimes the δ- and δ+ parts of two of them are close enough to exert an electrostatic force. This contributes to the overall VDW force experienced.
The second major contributor is the existing intramolecular bonds of the molecules. Intramolecular bonds use the available valence electrons of the atom.
Sometimes they use all available electrons, and sometimes they don’t. When these electrons are occupied by an ionic or covalent bond, they do not revolve around the atom.
Naturally, this would cause the other areas around the atom to be slightly positively charged i.e. δ+.
It is a more permanent scenario than the former case, as the intramolecular bond always remain roughly between the two bonded atoms.
It is due to this effect, in the special case of hydrogen atoms, that leads to the hydrogen bonds......
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This is from Google....
hope this is useful....
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In physical chemistry, both intra- and intermolecular forces of attraction determine how the material of compound is structured and reacts to external forces or solvents.
The intramolecular forces (covalent, metallic, and ionic) are very strong, relative to intermolecular forces of attraction.
They hold atoms or molecules together, forming the element or compound, and is a proper chemical bond.
On the other hand, intermolecular forces (VDW, hydrogen, non-covalent) are how neighbouring particles interact with each other.
They aren’t real bonds, in the way that intramolecular bonds are, and are much weaker.
Because of their weakness, I always assumed that they would not have a significant effect on a scale larger than molecules and atoms.
Let’s dive straight into VDW forces since that’s of interest now.To be specific, hydrogen bonds are a form of VDW forces.
As they are the strongest of the bunch by a large margin, they tend to be mentioned in addition to VDW forces even though technically it’s redundant repetition.
The basic principle is that opposite charges attract and like charges repel.
There are two main causes of VDW forces. The first one is the revolution of electrons around the atom.
As the electrons are not static (i.e. they move), their negative charge also moves with them. This means that one side of an atom is sometimes slightly more negatively charged than other times, which is indicated by δ- at the negatively charged parts and δ+ at the positively charged parts.
When you have a whole lot of atoms or molecules, inevitably sometimes the δ- and δ+ parts of two of them are close enough to exert an electrostatic force. This contributes to the overall VDW force experienced.
The second major contributor is the existing intramolecular bonds of the molecules. Intramolecular bonds use the available valence electrons of the atom.
Sometimes they use all available electrons, and sometimes they don’t. When these electrons are occupied by an ionic or covalent bond, they do not revolve around the atom.
Naturally, this would cause the other areas around the atom to be slightly positively charged i.e. δ+.
It is a more permanent scenario than the former case, as the intramolecular bond always remain roughly between the two bonded atoms.
It is due to this effect, in the special case of hydrogen atoms, that leads to the hydrogen bonds......
========================
This is from Google....
hope this is useful....
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