our world then and now 3class8
5. Give an example of a tribe whose chiefs framed laws and collected taxes in pre-Brush
6. Who was Sonaram Sangma?
B. Answer the following questions in not more than 20 words.
1. Name a few things that tribal people in pre-British India sold to get money to buy the time
2. Why did the British take over Indian forests?
3. How did dalals exploit tribals?
4. Name any three Indian tribes that revolted against the British
5. What earned Birsa Munda the title Dharti Aba?
c. Answer the following questions in not more than 40 words.
1. What is jhum cultivation?
2. Mention the various means of livelihood of the Baigas.
3. With reference to the Bhils of southern Gujarat, explain how the British took away the
chiefs.
4. How were tribal people forced into beth begari?
D. Answer the following questions in not more than 100 words.
1. How did British forest laws harm the forest tribes of India?
2. Describe Birsa Munda's role in the Munda revolt of the late nineteenth century.
wers.
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Answers
Answer:
Ans1) Zamindar and landlords
Ans2)The primary aim of the British rule was to have greater control over resources both mineral and forest. They used many forest products like fruits, roots and leaves that had medicinal values and wood for their own purposes and they restricted the tribals from entering the forests.
Ans3)Tribals were given credit facilities at high rates of interest and unfavourable repayment conditions. As a result they lost their land and became labourers.
Ans4)1774-79: Halba rebellion in Dongar (By Halba tribes in Bastar Chhattisgarh) against British armies and the Marathas.
1778: revolt of the Pahariya Sardars of Chota Nagpur against the British Government.
1789: revolt of the Tamar of Chota Nagpur against British
Ans5)In 1894 the failure of monsoon caused widespread starvation and epidemics Birsa dedicated service to the starving and the stick earned him the title dharti aba.
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot.