Question

our world then and now 3class8
5. Give an example of a tribe whose chiefs framed laws and collected taxes in pre-emsted
6. Who was Sonaram Sangma?
Name a few things that tribal people in pre-British India sold to get money to buy other than
2. why did the British take over Indian forests?
3. How did dalals exploit tribals?
4. Name any three Indian tribes that revolted against the British
5. What earned Birsa Munda the title Dharti Aba?
c. Answer the following questions in not more than 40 words.
1. What is jhum cultivation?
2. Mention the various means of livelihood of the Baigas.
3. With reference to the Bhils of southern Gujarat, explain how the British took away the
chiefs.
4. How were tribal people forced into beth begari?
D. Answer the following questions in not more than 100 words.
est laws harm the forest tribes of India?
B. Answer the following questions in not more than 20 words.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. Sonaram R Sangma iş the first Garos political leader. He was born in 1867 and died in 1916 before the independent of India.
2. A few things that the tribals collected from the forests and sold to get money to buy other things are Fruits, roots, fish from Forest Rivers, herbs for medicine, bamboo baskets and umbrellas and hunted small animals
3. The primary aim of the British rule was to have greater control over resources both mineral and forest. ... They used many forest products like fruits, roots and leaves that had medicinal values and wood for their own purposes and they restricted the tribals from entering the forests.
4. Tribals were given credit facilities at high rates of interest and unfavourable repayment conditions. As a result they lost their land and became labourers. Dalals made sure that the new courts of law passed judgement in their favour. They took all the produce from tribals and gave a minor share in return."
5. 1774-79: Halba rebellion in Dongar (By Halba tribes in Bastar Chhattisgarh) against British armies and the Marathas. 1778: revolt of the Pahariya Sardars of Chota Nagpur against the British Government.
6. In 1894 the failure of monsoon caused widespread starvation and epidemics Birsa dedicated service to the starving and the stick earned him the title dharti aba.
7. Jhum cultivation, also known as the slash and burn agriculture, is the process of growing crops by first clearing the land of trees and vegetation and burning them thereafter. The burnt soil contains potash which increases the nutrient content of the soil.
8. The Baiga tribes practise shifting cultivation in forest area and live a nomadic life. They are also woodsman and good hunters. ii Men and women share the full responsibility for household chores like cooking, fishing, and woodcutting except hunting.
9. The need for cash to make payments forced the tribal people to turn to the moneylender for loans at high rates of interest.
10. The natives were not allowed to collect forest produce like fire wood, honey, resin from these forests even for domestic use let only for commercial purposes. ... The Forest Laws also forbade tribals from collecting forest produce and this was the means of livelihood for most tribals.