Question

Out of heat, work and internal energy which is/are stable variable(s) ?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Work done in adiabatic process = negative of change in internal energy (from first law of thermodynamics). So it is a state function.

For heat at constant pressure,

dQ=nCpΔT

This is path independent.

For work done in isothermal process,

dQ=dW. This is path dependent and hence not a state function.

Heat at constant volume is equal to change in internal energy (from first law of thermodynamics). So it is also a state function.