Out of the below mentioned functions is done at each level of
management.
A. Controlling B. Coordination
C. Staffing D. Directing
Answers
Answer:
The primary functions of management are :
Planning:
Planning is concerned with the determination of the objectives to be achieved and the course of action to be followed to achieve them. Before starting any action, one has to decide how the work will be performed and where and how it has to be performed. Thus, planning implies decision-making as to what is to be done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done and by whom it is to done. Planning helps in achieving the objectives efficiently and effectively. Planning involves selecting of objectives and strategies, policies and programmes and procedures for achieving them.
Organising:
According to Fayol, “to organise a business is to provide it with everything useful to its functioning — raw materials, tools, capital and personnel.” Thus, organising involves bringing together the manpower and material resources for the achievement, of objectives laid down by the enterprise.
Staffing:
Every enterprise is very much concerned with the quality of its people, especially its managers. The staffing function is concerned with this aspect of management. According to Harold Koontz and Cyril O’ Donell, “the managerial function of staffing involves manning the organisational structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into the structure.
Directing:
It is one of the important functions of management and is the art and process of getting things done. While other functions like planning, organising and staffing are merely preparations for doing the work, the directing function actually starts the work.Directing is concerned with actuating the members of the organisation to work efficiently and effectively for the attainment of organisation goals. Directing involves the manager telling the subordinates how they have to perform jobs assigned to them. It is concerned with guiding, supervising and motivating the subordinates for achieving the enterprise objectives.
Controlling:
Controlling is related to all other management functions. It is concerned with seeing whether the activities have been or being performed in conformity with the plans. According to Haimann, “Control is the process of checking to determine whether or not, proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary to correct any deviation.” Koontz and O’Donnell have defined controlling “as the measurement and correction of the performance of activities of subordinates in order to make sure that enterprise’s objectives and the plans devised to attain them are being accomplished.”
Explanation:
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