Overview History of England  Prehistoric Britain(before AD 43)Roman Britain( 43– 410)Anglo-Saxon England(ca. 410– 1066)Anglo-Normans( 1066– 1154)Plantagenets( 1154– 1485)House of Lancaster( 1399– 1471)House of York( 1461– 1485)House of Tudor( 1485– 1603)House of Stuart( 1603– 1714)United Kingdom(after 1707) A large number of manuscripts remain from the 600 year Anglo-Saxon period, with most written during the last 300 years (9th–11th century), in both Latin and the vernacular. Old English literature is among the oldest vernacular languages to be written down. Old English began, in written form, as a practical necessity in the aftermath of the Danish invasions—church officials were concerned that because of the drop in Latin literacy no one could read their work. Likewise King Alfred the Great ( 849– 899), wanting to restore English culture, lamented the poor state of Latin education: "So general was [educational] decay in England that there were very few on this side of the Humber who could...translate a letter from Latin into English; and I believe there were not many beyond the Humber" (Pastoral Care, introduction). King Alfred noted that while very few could read Latin, many could still read Old English. He thus proposed that students be educated in Old English, and those who excelled would go on to learn Latin. In this way many of the texts that have survived are typical teaching and student-oriented texts. In total there are about 400 surviving manuscripts containing Old English text, 189 of them considered major. These manuscripts have been highly prized by collectors since the 16th century, both for their historic value and for their aesthetic beauty of uniformly spaced letters and decorative elements. Not all of the texts can be fairly called literature, such as lists of names or aborted pen trials. However those that can present a sizable body of work, listed here in descending order of quantity: sermons and saints' lives (the most numerous), biblical translations; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works; laws, wills and other legal works; practical works on grammar,medicine, geography; lastly, but not least important, poetry. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with some exceptions. Research in the 20th century has focused on dating the manuscripts (19th-century scholars tended to date them older than modern scholarship has found); locating where the manuscripts were created—there were seven major scriptoria from which they originate:Winchester, Exeter, Worcester, Abingdon, Durham, and two Canterbury houses Christ Church and St. Augustine; and identifying the regional dialects used:Northumbrian, Mercian, Kentish, West Saxon (the latter being the main dialect).
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Food material 'X' is a think liquid which can be converted into curd, on the other hand food material 'Y' is a syrup - like, thick and sweet liquid which is made by a kind of insects by collecting nectar from flowers
Name 'X' and 'Y'
Food material 'X' is a think liquid which can be converted into curd, on the other hand food material 'Y' is a syrup - like, thick and sweet liquid which is made by a kind of insects by collecting nectar from flowers
Name 'X' and 'Y'
Food material 'X' is a think liquid which can be converted into curd, on the other hand food material 'Y' is a syrup - like, thick and sweet liquid which is made by a kind of insects by collecting nectar from flowers
Name 'X' and 'Y'
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