English, asked by riyapunartham, 2 months ago

overweight and obesity are affecting many countries in the world. Write an article on the need of physical exercise.



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Answers

Answered by riyamithrabinda2003
1

Answer: The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Globally, there has been:

an increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat and sugars; and  an increase in physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization.  Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the result of environmental and societal changes associated with development and lack of supportive policies in sectors such as health, agriculture, transport, urban planning, environment, food processing, distribution, marketing, and education.

What are common health consequences of overweight and obesity?

Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as:

cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and stroke), which were the leading cause of death in 2012;  diabetes;  musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis – a highly disabling degenerative disease of the joints);  some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon).  The risk for these noncommunicable diseases increases, with increases in BMI.  Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death and disability in adulthood. But in addition to increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects.  Facing a double burden of malnutrition  Many low- and middle-income countries are now facing a "double burden" of malnutrition.  While these countries continue to deal with the problems of infectious diseases and undernutrition, they are also experiencing a rapid upsurge in noncommunicable disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight, particularly in urban settings.  It is not uncommon to find undernutrition and obesity co-existing within the same country, the same community and the same household.  Children in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to inadequate pre-natal, infant, and young child nutrition. At the same time, these children are exposed to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, energy-dense, and micronutrient-poor foods, which tend to be lower in cost but also lower in nutrient quality. These dietary patterns, in conjunction with lower levels of physical activity, result in sharp increases in childhood obesity while undernutrition issues remain unsolved.

How can overweight and obesity be reduced?

Overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases, are largely preventable. Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping people’s choices, by making the choice of healthier foods and regular physical activity the easiest choice (the choice that is the most accessible, available and affordable), and therefore preventing overweight and obesity.

At the individual level, people can:

limit energy intake from total fats and sugars;

increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; and  engage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children and 150 minutes spread through the week for adults).  Individual responsibility can only have its full effect where people have access to a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, at the societal level it is important to support individuals in following the recommendations above, through sustained implementation of evidence based and population based policies that make regular physical activity and healthier dietary choices available, affordable and easily accessible to everyone, particularly to the poorest individuals. An example of such a policy is a tax on sugar sweetened beverages.

The food industry can play a significant role in promoting healthy diets by:

reducing the fat, sugar and salt content of processed foods;

ensuring that healthy and nutritious choices are available and affordable to all consumers;

restricting marketing of foods high in sugars, salt and fats, especially those foods aimed at children and teenagers; and

ensuring the availability of healthy food choices and supporting regular physical activity practice in the workplace.

Explanation: hope it helps

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