Oxygen and sulphur are in the same group of the periodic table. Complete the table below to show the
arrangement of electrons in oxygen and sulphur.
Answers
Explanation:
Oxygen is the most abundant element on this planet. The earth's crust is 46.6% oxygen by weight, the oceans are 86% oxygen by weight, and the atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume. The name oxygen comes from the Greek stems oxys, "acid," and gennan, "to form or generate." Thus, oxygen literally means "acid former." This name was introduced by Lavoisier, who noticed that compounds rich in oxygen, such as SO2 and P4O10, dissolve in water to give acids.
The electron configuration of an oxygen atom --[He] 2s2 2p4 --suggests that neutral oxygen atoms can achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing two pairs of electrons to form an O=O double bond, as shown in the figure below.
O=O
According to this Lewis structure, all of the electrons in the O2 molecule are paired. The compound should therefore be diamagnetic --it should be repelled by a magnetic field. Experimentally, O2 is found to be paramagnetic --it is attracted to a magnetic field. This can be explained by assuming that there are two unpaired electrons in the * antibonding molecular orbitals of the O2 molecule.
This photograph shows that the liquid O2 is so strongly attracted to a magnetic field that it will bridge the gap between the poles of a horseshoe magnet.
At temperatures below -183oC, O2 condenses to form a liquid with a characteristic light blue color that results from the absorption of light with a wavelength of 630 nm. This absorption is not seen in the gas phase and is relatively weak even in the liquid because it requires that three bodies -- two O2 molecules and a photon -- collide simultaneously, which is a very rare phenomenon, even in the liquid phase.
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Answer:
The Chemistry of Oxygen The Chemistry of Ozone Oxygen as an Oxidizing Agent
Peroxides Methods of Preparing O2 The Chemistry of Sulfur
The Effect of Differences in the Strength of X-X and X=X Bonds The Effect of Differences in the Electronegativities of Sulfur and Oxygen The Effect of Differences in the Abilities of Sulfur and Oxygen to Expand Their Valence Shell
The Chemistry of Oxygen
Oxygen is the most abundant element on this planet. The earth's crust is 46.6% oxygen by weight, the oceans are 86% oxygen by weight, and the atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume. The name oxygen comes from the Greek stems oxys, "acid," and gennan, "to form or generate." Thus, oxygen literally means "acid former." This name was introduced by Lavoisier, who noticed that compounds rich in oxygen, such as SO2 and P4O10, dissolve in water to give acids.
The electron configuration of an oxygen atom --[He] 2s2 2p4 --suggests that neutral oxygen atoms can achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing two pairs of electrons to form an O=O double bond, as shown in the figure below.
Explanation: