p-bond in tetrahedral complexes is formed by the following symmetry :
(a) t1 (b) t2 (c) e (d) None of these
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Tetrahedral complexes are formed with late transition metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) and some early transition metals (Ti4+, Mn2+), especially in situations where the ligands are large. In these cases the small metal ion cannot easily accommodate a coordination number higher than four. Examples of tetrahedal ions and molecules are [CoCl4]2-, [MnCl4]2-, and TiX4 (X = halogen). Tetrahedral coordination is also observed in some oxo-anions such as [FeO4]4-, which exists as discrete anions in the salts Na4FeO4 and Sr2FeO4, and in the neutral oxides RuO4 and OsO4. The metal carbonyl complexes Ni(CO)4 and Co(CO)4]- are also tetrahedral
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