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Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Hindī), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST/ISO 15919: Mānak Hindī),[7] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India. Hindi is often described as a standardised and Sanskritised register[8] of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of Northern India.[9][10][11] Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with the English language.[12] It is an official language of 9 states and 3 Union Territories and additional official language of 3 states.[13][14][15][16] It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India.[17]
Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi).[13][18] Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Such languages include Fiji Hindi, which is official in Fiji,[19] and Caribbean Hindustani, which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.[20][21][22][23] Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base.[24]
As a linguistic variety, Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English.[25] Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English.[26][27]