Question

प्रश्न-7
ओन्कोजीन्स को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Explain Oncogenes.​

Answer 1

Oncogenes.​

Explanation:

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels. Most normal cells will undergo programmed form of rapid cell death (apoptosis) when critical functions are altered and malfunctioning.

• The role of oncogenes

An oncogene is a mutated gene that contributes to the development of a cancer. In their normal, unmutated state, onocgenes are called proto-oncogenes, and they play roles in the regulation of cell division. Some oncogenes work like putting your foot down on the accelerator of a car, pushing a cell to divide.

• Oncogenes examples

Oncogenes may activate or increase growth factor receptors on the surface of cells (to which growth factors bind). One example includes the HER2 oncogene that results in a significantly increased number of HER2 proteins on the surface of breast cancer cells.

• The most common oncogene

Three closely related members of the ras gene family (rasH, rasK, and rasN) are the oncogenes most frequently encountered in human tumors. These genes are involved in approximately 20% of all human malignancies, including about 50% of colon and 25% of lung carcinomas.

• We all have oncogenes

Everyone has proto-oncogenes in their body. In fact, proto-oncogenes are necessary for our survival. Proto-oncogenes only cause cancer when a mutation occurs in the gene that results in the gene being permanently turned on. This is called a gain-of-function mutation.