Question

paragraph on DNA
900-1000 words

Answer 1

Answer:

In eukaryotes, DNA is found both in nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus it is a major component of chromosome, whereas in cytoplasm it is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, it is found in the cytoplasm.A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and RNA synthesis is referred to as DNA. In other words, DNA refers to the molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next. The scientific name for DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.In eukaryotes, DNA is found both in nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus it is a major component of chromosome, whereas in cytoplasm it is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. In prokaryotes, it is found in the cytoplasm.Mostly the DNA structure is double stranded in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, in some viruses DNA is single stranded. DNA is a double stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).

iii. Shape:

In eukaryotes, the DNA is of linear shape. In prokaryotes and mitochondria; the DNA is circular.

iv. Replication:

The DNA is capable of self-replication. This is the only chemical which has self-replicating capacity. The DNA replicates in semi-conservative manner. In eukaryotes, DNA replicates during the S-Phase of the cell cycle.

v. Types:

There are different forms of DNA such as A, B, C, D and Z DNA. The DNA may be linear or circular. It may be double stranded or single stranded. It may be right handed or left handed. The DNA may be repetitive or unique. It may be nuclear or cytoplasmic.

viDNA plays important role in various ways. It is used in transcription i.e. synthesis of mRNA which in turn is used in protein synthesis. It carries genetic information from one generation to the next generation. DNA stores and transmits the genetic information in cells.

It forms the basis for genetic code. The genes are made of DNA and are responsible for passing on traits from generation to generation. DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. Thus it is the substance of heredity

Explanation:

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