Paragraph on Illegal hunting or coaching in india
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Poaching in India
Illegal wildlife trade in India has increased. According to a report published by the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) in 2004, India is the chief target for the traders of wildlife skin. Between 1994 and 2003, there have been 784 cases where the skins of tiger, leopard or otter have been seized. Leopards, rhinoceros, reptiles, birds, insects, rare species of plants are being smuggled into the countries in Southeast Asia and the People's Republic of China. Between 1994 and 2003, poaching and seizure of 698 otters have been documented in India.
Kathmandu is a key staging point for illegal skins smuggled from India bound for Tibet and PRC. The report by EIA noted there has been a lack of cross-border cooperation between India, Nepal and the People's Republic of China to coordinate enforcement operations and lack of political will to treat wildlife crime effectively. The poaching of the elephants is a significant problem in Southern India and in the North-Eastern states of Nagaland and Mizoram. The majority of tiger poaching happen in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Following is a comparison of reported cases of tiger and leopard poaching from 1998 to 2003.
Samir Sinha, head of TRAFFIC India, the wildlife trade monitoring arm of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), told Reuters in an interview "The situation regarding the illegal trade in wildlife parts in India is very grim. It is a vast, a varied trade ranging from smuggling of rare medicinal plants to butterflies to peafowl to tigers and it is difficult to predict how big it is, but the threats and dimensions suggest that the trade is increasing".
Project Tiger, a wildlife conservation project, was initiated in 1972 and was launched by Indira Gandhi on 1 April 1973. With 23 tiger reserves, Project Tiger claimed to have succeeded. But according to critics like conservationist Billy Arjan Singh, temporary increases in tiger population were caused by immigration due to destruction of habitat in Nepal, not because of the widely acclaimed success of wildlife policy in India...
Explanation:
Earth is the only planet known to support various forms of life, which includes of animals, birds, plants & trees, fishes, reptiles, insects and most importantly human life. But over past few decade human life have become so dominant that it started suppressing the other forms of life, this may be because we humans are more intellectually and physically developed than others and due to which we have started giving more preferences to our needs and requirements. As human population have grown so the demand of wildlife.
The lifestyle of humans now demands the fuel of wildlife in various forms like bush meats (as a source of food), leather & textile, ivory, barter of trade ( as a source of income) as well as for exotics and luxuries. The result of this is exploitation of nature which have caused extinction of animals as well as many species of birds, wild animals, fishes and reptiles have become vulnerable and endangered, leading to major imbalances in natural life.
The earth is suffering from considerable issue of ‘Illegal Wildlife Trade & Poaching’ threatening to innate gains and conservations. Wildlife crime is a commerce administering by various international and domestic networks in and among wildlife trade hotspots. The wildlife trade hotspots are countries where the illegal trade is growing and threatening, these include- China’s International Border, East and Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, Parts of Mexico, Caribbean and Latin America and Eastern Border of European Union.These are the parts of the world where there is wide spread illegal trade and poaching of animals.
The term Wildlife Trafficking and Animal Trafficking means illegal trade and commerce of animals and their derivatives. This is done either internationally or domestically. Wildlife trade is major illegal trade in the world along with Narcotics, Human Trafficking and counterfeit products. Similarly, poaching is a part of wildlife trafficking. Poaching is a concern related to harm to animals caused by trapping, hunting and selling of animals from wildlife dead or alive. There are variety of products which are demanded by the trade and poaching includes Exotic pets and Luxuries, Bush meat, Traditional Medicines, Clothing & Jewellery made from animal fur, tusks, fins, shells, skins, horns and internal organs.
The impacted species are:
Tigers- Bengal Tiger, Amur Tiger, Indochinese Tiger, Malayan Tiger & Sumatran Tiger.
Rhinos- Black Rhino, White Rhino, Java Rhino, Sumatran rhino & Assamese Rhino.
Turtles- Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle & Leatherback Turtle.
Elephants- African Elephant & Indian Elephant
This illegal trade is estimated to be multi-billion dollar business involving the unlawful harvest and trade of live and dead animals. It is also often unsustainable. These illegal trade and poaching have caused serious imbalances in the nature, this is directly affects the biodiversity of different ecosystems. There are certain species which are in more demand by smugglers and poachers for commercial purpose their demand in the market, causing visible decline in their population in their natural habitat.
Furthermore, illegal trade negatively impact a country’s natural resources and local communities that might otherwise benefit from tours or legal sustainable trade.
In the past recent years, illegal wildlife trade has manifested as a form of organised trans-national crime that has endangered the very existence of many wild species across the globe.
In India:
In India, it includes diverse products including mongoose hair; snake skin; rhino hair; tiger & leopard claws, bone, skins, whiskers; deer antlers; turtle shells; caged birds etc. A large part of this trade is meant for the international market and has no direct demand in the country itself.
On March 2017, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change informed Parliament that poaching in India has increased in recent years. Also in a recent book “State of India’s Environment in 2017â€, suggests that worrying 52% increase in poaching and wildlife trading between 2014 & 2016. Over 30,382 wildlife crimes and mortality have been recorded till December 31, 2016. Even the number of species poached or illegally traded in the country increased from 400 in 2014 to 465 in 2016.[2]
As per the survey of Wildlife Protection Society of India, in 2017 the animals which are illegally traded and poached in 2015-2016 are:
Black Bucks
Blue Bills
Chinkaras
Elephants
Tigers
Leopard
Peacock
Rhinoceros
Deer
Wild Boar
Indian Pangolin
Tokay Gecko
Star Tortoise
Hill Mynah
Red Sand Boa
There were more than 50 tigers poached, 340 peacocks and almost 37,267 turtles were traded which means government seized 100 turtles every day last year. Pangolins which is high demand in China for its aphrodisiac and medicinal value, remains at high threat in a country with 100,000 captured illegally every year.
Hope helps you