parallel law of thermodynamics
Answers
1) Zeroth Law
The zeroth law of thermodynamics can be summarized as follows:
(a) Two bodies at different temperature in thermal contact with each other tend to move towards the same temperature
(b) Two bodies which are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body, are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
For example hot water when kept in open becomes cold after sometime and attains the temperature of surroundings.
2) First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of an isolated system is constant.
ΔU = q + W, is the mathematical statement of the first law of thermodynamics.
where ΔU is the change in the internal energy of the system, q is the heat transferred and W is the work done. It basically means that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, although it can be converted from one form to another.
3) Second law
The second law of thermodynamics states that for a spontaneous change in an isolated system, the change in entropy is positive. The entropy is a measure of degree of randomness in system. For example water spontaneously changes from ice in solid state to water in liquid state to steam in gaseous state because the degree of randomness (or entropy) is the maximum in gaseous state.
4) Third Law
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero as the absolute zero of temperature is reached.
At lower temperature, the energy of the molecules would be less. Hence the translational, rotational and vibrational motion of the molecules would be restricted because of which their entropy would be less and approach zero at extremely low temperature (close to zero).
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⭐The Laws of Thermodynamics ⭐
=> The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that "Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, are in thermal equilibrium with each other..."
=> The First Law of Thermodynamics states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another, and can only be transferred from one system to another..."
=> The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of the universe always increases in every spontaneous natural process..."
According to Kelvin-Planck's statement, "It is impossible to devise a cyclically operating device, whose sole effect is the absorption of energy in the form of heat from a single from reservoir, and the performance of an equivalent amount of work..."
According to Claussius' statement, "In no process can the heat transfer from a colder to a warmer object take place without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time..."
=> The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero, as its temperature approaches the absolute zero..."
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