Question

кеаа
passage gu
1 dll
1. Effective speaking depends on effective listening. It takes energy to concentrate on hearing and
concentrate on understanding what has been heard.
2. Incompetent listeners fail in a number of ways. First they may drift. Their attention drifts from
what the speaker is saying. Second, they may counter. They find counter arguments to
whatever a speaker may be saying. Third, they compete. Then they filter. They exclude from
their understanding those parts of the message which do not readily fit with their own frame of
reference. Finally they react. They let personal feelings about the speaker or subject override
the significance of the message which is being sent.
3. What can a listener do to be more effective ? The first key to effective listening is the art of
concentration. If a listener positively wishes to concentrate on receiving a message, his chances
of success are high. It may need determination. Some speakers are difficult to follow. either
because of voice problems or because of the form in which they send a message. There is then a
particular need for the determination of a listener to concentrate on what is being said.
4. Concentration is helped by alertness. Mental alertness is helped by physical alertness. It is not
simply physical fitness, but also positioning of the body, the limbs and the head.Some people
also find it helpful to their concentration if they hold the head slightly to one side One useful
way for achieving this is intensive note-taking, by trying to capture the critical headings and
sub-headings the speaker is referring to.
5. Note-taking has been recommended as an aid to the listener. It also helps the speaker. It gives
hím confidence when he sees that listeners are sufficiently interested to take notes; the patterns
of eye-contact when the note -taker looks up can be very positive; and the speaker's timing is
aided - he can see when a note-taker is writing hard and can then make effective use of pauses.
Posture too is important. Effective listening skills have an impact on both the listener and the
speaker
give the summary​

Answer 1

What is this tell me