Question

Passage
Sanitation and disease:
Poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water is the cause of a large number of diseases. A very large
fraction of our people defecates in the open, on dry riverbeds, on railway tracks, near fields and many a
time directly in water. Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. It may cause water pollution and soil
pollution. Both the surface water and groundwater get polluted. Groundwater is a source of water for
wells, tube wells, springs and many rivers. Thus, it becomes the most common route for water borne
diseases. They include cholera, typhoid, polio, meningitis, hepatitis and dysentery. The government has
laid down certain standards of sanitation but, unfortunately, they are not strictly enforced. However, all of
us can contribute in maintaining sanitation at public places. We should not scatter litter anywhere. If there
is no dustbin in sight, we should carry the litter home and throw it in the dustbin.To improve sanitation,
low cost onsite sewage disposal systems are being encouraged. Examples are septic tanks, chemical
toilets, composting pits. Septic tanks are suitable for places where there is no sewerage system, for
hospitals, isolated buildings or a cluster of 4 to 5 houses. We all have a role to play in keeping our
environment clean and healthy. You must realize your responsibility in maintaining the water sources in a
healthy state. Adopting good sanitation practices should be our way of life. As an agent of change your
individual initiative will make a great difference. Influence others with your energy, ideas and optimism. A
lot can be done if people work together. There is great power in collective action.
Mahatma Gandhi said: “No one need to wait for anyone else to adopt a humane and enlightened course
of action.”

Answer the following questions :
01. Which type of diseases may born in water?
02. How we can contribute in maintaining sanitation in public places?
03. Why the human excreta is a health hazard?
04. What does Mahatma Gandhi said about sanitation?
05. What are the low cost onsite sewage disposal systems?
06. Where the septic tanks does are suitable?

Answer 1

Answer:-

1. Cholera, typhoid, polio, meningitis, hepatitis and dysentery are the diseases may born in water.
2. We should not scatter litter anywhere. If there is no dustbin in sight, we should carry the litter home and throw it in the dustbin can contribute in maintaining sanitation in public places.
3. Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. It may cause water pollution and soil pollution. Both the surface water and groundwater get polluted. Groundwater is a source of water for wells, tube wells, springs and many rivers.
4. Mahatma Gandhi said: “No one need to wait for anyone else to adopt a humane and enlightened courseof action.”
5. To improve sanitation,low cost onsite sewage disposal systems are being encouraged.
6. Septic tanks are suitable for places where there is no sewerage system, for hospitals, isolated buildings or a cluster of 4 to 5 houses.

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Answer 2

Biodegradable waste includes any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things by composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes.