Question

Passive techniques for water conservation in buildings

Answer 1

WATER CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
There are a number of strategies that can be employed to reduce the amount of water consumed at a facility. In general terms, these methods include:

System optimization (i.e., efficient water systems design, leak detection, and repair);
Water conservation measures; and
Water reuse/recycling systems.
More specifically, a wide range of technologies and measures can be employed within each of these strategies to save water and associated energy consumption. These include:

Water-efficient plumbing fixtures (ultra low-flow toilets and urinals, waterless urinals, low-flow and sensored sinks, low-flow showerheads, and water-efficient dishwashers and washing machines)
Irrigation and landscaping measures (water-efficient irrigation systems, irrigation control systems, low-flow sprinkler heads, water-efficient scheduling practices, and Xeriscape)
Water recycling or reuse measures (Gray water and process recycling systems), and
Methods to reduce water use in HVAC systems.
The following list of measures describes the technologies, strategies, and techniques that can be specified in the design phase of a new construction project to reduce facility water use. The measures are commensurate with the U.S. DOE's Federal Energy Management Program's "Guidance to Establish Water Efficiency Improvement Goal for Federal Agencies", which details "Best Management Practices" that all federal facilities must consider for implementation per Executive Order 13693.