Pathogenic organisms are:
a. toxins
b. dead microbes
c. enzymes
d. indigenous microflora
e. disease-producing
Answers
Answer:
disease producing ................
Explanation :
Defination :
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease.
More knowledge:
Your body is naturally full of microbes. However, these microbes only cause a problem if your immune system is weakened or if they manage to enter a normally sterile part of your body.
Your body is naturally full of microbes. However, these microbes only cause a problem if your immune system is weakened or if they manage to enter a normally sterile part of your body.Pathogens are different and can cause disease upon entering the body.
Detail explanation:
All a pathogen needs to thrive and survive is a host. Once the pathogen sets itself up in a host’s body, it manages to avoid the body’s immune responses and uses the body’s resources to replicate before exiting and spreading to a new host.
Pathogens can be transmitted a few ways depending on the type. They can be spread through skin contact, bodily fluids, airborne particles, contact with feces, and touching a surface touched by an infected person.
Disease producing is the answer
extra knowledge for you
General Concepts
Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms are related to the absence of oxygen from the affected area: hence, abscesses, devitalized tissue, and penetration of foreign matter lead to clinical infection.
Oxygen Toxicity
Low or undetectable levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase allow oxygen radicals to form in anaerobic bacteria and to inactivate other bacterial enzyme systems.
Pathogenic Anaerobes
Anaerobes are potentially pathogenic when displaced from normal environments (human colon, soil) and implanted in dead or dying tissue; abscesses, pneumonias, and oral and pelvic infections result.
Processing of Clinical Specimens
Anaerobic conditions are required for sample collection, culturing, and identification.
Introduction
The broad classification of bacteria as anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative is based on the types of reactions they employ to generate energy for growth and other activities. In their metabolism of energy-containing compounds, aerobes require molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor and cannot grow in its absence (see Chapter 4). Anaerobes, on the other hand, cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is toxic for them, and they must therefore depend on other substances as electron acceptors. Their metabolism frequently is a fermentative type in which they reduce available organic compounds to various end products such as organic acids and alcohols. The facultative organisms are the most versatile. They preferentially utilize oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, but also can metabolize in the absence of oxygen by reducing other compounds. Much more usable energy, in the form of high-energy phosphate, is obtained when a molecule of glucose is completely catabolized to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen (38 molecules of ATP) than when it is only partially catabolized by a fermentative process in the absence of oxygen (2 molecules of ATP). The ability to utilize oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor provides organisms with an extremely efficient mechanism for generating energy. Understanding the general characteristics of anaerobiosis provides insight into how anaerobic bacteria can proliferate in damaged tissue and why special care is needed in processing clinical specimens that may contain them.
Oxygen Toxicity
Several studies indicate that aerobes can survive in the presence of oxygen only by virtue of an elaborate system of defenses. Without these defenses, key enzyme systems in the organisms fail to function and the organisms die. Obligate anaerobes, which live only in the absence of oxygen, do not possess the defenses that make aerobic life possible and therefore cannot survive in air.
During growth and metabolism, oxygen reduction products are generated within microorganisms and secreted into the surrounding medium. The superoxide anion, one oxygen reduction product, is produced by univalent reduction of oxygen: