Question

Perform the following experiment and give correct verified answer to the given AIM of the experiment.

AIM - To study different stages of mitosis and meiosis .

To Find-

1) Required material
2) Procedure/Method
3) Diagrams
4) Observations
5) Calculations
6) Inference/Conclusion
7) Precautions to be taken

Note - Spanning not allowed.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Aim Of The Experiment

To study and demonstrate mitosis by preparing the mount of an onion root tip cells.

Theory Of The Experiment

For entities to mature, grow, maintain tissues, repair and synthesize new cells, cell division is required. Cell division is of two types:

Mitosis

Meiosis

Mitosis

In mitosis, the nucleus of the Eukaryotic cells divides into two, subsequently resulting in the splitting of the parent cells into two daughter cells. Hence, every cell division involves two chief stages:

Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm division

Karyokinesis – Nucleus division

Stages Of Mitosis

The various stages of mitosis are:

1. Prophase

The process of mitosis is initiated at this stage wherein coiling and thickening of the chromosomes occurs

Shrinking and hence the disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane takes place

The stage reaches its final state when a cluster of fibres organizes to form the spindle fibres.

2. Metaphase

Chromosomes turn thick in this phase. The two chromatids from each of the chromosomes appear distinct

Each of the chromosomes is fastened to the spindle fibres located on its controller

Chromosomes align at the centreline of the cell

3. Anaphase

Each of the chromatid pair detaches from the centromere and approaches the other end of the cell through the spindle fibre

At this stage, compressing of the cell membrane at the centre takes place

4. Telophase

Chromatids have reached the other end of the cell

The disappearance of the spindles

Chromatin fibres are formed as a result of uncoiling of daughter chromosomes

The appearance of two daughter nuclei at the opposing ends due to the reformation of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane

At this phase, splitting of the cell or cytokinesis may also occur.

Post mitosis, the next stage is referred to as interphase which is part of the cell cycle that is non-dividing and between two consecutive cell divisions. A cell spends most of its life in the interphase. It comprises the G1, S and G2 stages.

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