Question

physical and chemical characteristics affecting the durability of concrete.

Answer 1

The durability of reinforced concrete is influenced by those physical characteristics of concrete that control the definition of gases, such as CO2 and O2, or of liquids (mainly water) through its pores, and the diffusion of ions, such as CL-, dissolved in the pore water. These physical characteristics depend on the composition of concrete, on the chemical composition and type of cement, and on the relative humidity and temperature of the environment. The following characteristics of concrete are determined analytically and/or experimentally, in terms of the