Physical features of india explain english
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The physical features of India can be divided into six broad categories according to their physiographic forms:
Himalayan Mountains
The northernmost landscape of the country highlights the fold mountains of the Himalayas. the entire mountain belt is divided into three main sections-
1 The Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, with average peaks reaching up to 6000 meters above the sea-level.
2 The Lesser Himalayas with average peaks rising as high as 4000 meters
3 The Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
4 The Eastern Hills or the Purvanchal covering North Bengal, and northernmost parts of the North Eastern states.
Northern Plains
The three major river systems of India- Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries have fed the foothills of the Himalayas.
the Northern Plains can again be divided into three significant parts-
The Punjab Plains- The Indus River and its tributaries lead to the formation of these vast plains, a major part of which now lies in Pakistan
The Ganga Plains- This spreads across the states of North India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Delhi and West Bengal.
The Brahmaputra Plains- This covers major parts of Assam and the other North Eastern States
Peninsular Plateau
The oldest landmass of India, the Peninsular Plateau was the result of the tectonic shifts of the Gondwana Land. This massive plateau area is further divided as-
The Central Highlands – lying on the north of the Narmada River and covering a large part of the Malwa Plateau
The Deccan Plateau- a triangular landmass lying on the south of the Narmada River. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats border the Deccan plateau on its eastern and western sides respectively. While the Satpura mountain ranges stand on its northern part, the Western Ghats have higher elevation with a maximum height of 1600 meters. On the other hand, the Eastern Ghats reach to a maximum of 600 meters in height.
Indian Desert
The undulating sandy plains covered with sand dunes on the western fringes of the Aravali Hills comprise the Indian Desert. With rainfall as low as 150 mm per annum, this region is the aridest in the country and thus, low on greenery. The states of Rajasthan and northwestern parts of Gujarat collectively form the desert region.
Coastal Plains
Right on the outer edges of the Indian peninsula, lies the narrow strips of the coastal plains. These sea fed regions cover the shores of the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Arabian Sea on the West. The western coast along the Arabian Sea can again be divided into three sections-
The Konkan Coast- covering coastal Maharashtra and Goa
The Kannada Plains- covering coasts of Karnataka
The Malabar Coast- covering Kerala
On the other hand, the Eastern coast has two broad sections-
The Northern Circar
The Coromandel Coast
Islands
Two groups of islands lie on the two oceans surrounding the main landmass of the subcontinent. These most likely complete the physical features of India. And, the island region is divided by the mainland as well as the seas. Thus forming two major island states-
The Lakshadweep, which lies closer to the Malabar Coast. And, these consist of clusters of coral islands collectively named Lakshadweep.
The Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are off the Bay of Bengal and lie on the Indian Ocean. These group of islands are larger in size than their western counterparts and have rich biodiversity. Because the Andaman & Nicobar islands are closer to the equator, the region also experiences equatorial climate.
Himalayan Mountains
The northernmost landscape of the country highlights the fold mountains of the Himalayas. the entire mountain belt is divided into three main sections-
1 The Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, with average peaks reaching up to 6000 meters above the sea-level.
2 The Lesser Himalayas with average peaks rising as high as 4000 meters
3 The Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
4 The Eastern Hills or the Purvanchal covering North Bengal, and northernmost parts of the North Eastern states.
Northern Plains
The three major river systems of India- Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries have fed the foothills of the Himalayas.
the Northern Plains can again be divided into three significant parts-
The Punjab Plains- The Indus River and its tributaries lead to the formation of these vast plains, a major part of which now lies in Pakistan
The Ganga Plains- This spreads across the states of North India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Delhi and West Bengal.
The Brahmaputra Plains- This covers major parts of Assam and the other North Eastern States
Peninsular Plateau
The oldest landmass of India, the Peninsular Plateau was the result of the tectonic shifts of the Gondwana Land. This massive plateau area is further divided as-
The Central Highlands – lying on the north of the Narmada River and covering a large part of the Malwa Plateau
The Deccan Plateau- a triangular landmass lying on the south of the Narmada River. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats border the Deccan plateau on its eastern and western sides respectively. While the Satpura mountain ranges stand on its northern part, the Western Ghats have higher elevation with a maximum height of 1600 meters. On the other hand, the Eastern Ghats reach to a maximum of 600 meters in height.
Indian Desert
The undulating sandy plains covered with sand dunes on the western fringes of the Aravali Hills comprise the Indian Desert. With rainfall as low as 150 mm per annum, this region is the aridest in the country and thus, low on greenery. The states of Rajasthan and northwestern parts of Gujarat collectively form the desert region.
Coastal Plains
Right on the outer edges of the Indian peninsula, lies the narrow strips of the coastal plains. These sea fed regions cover the shores of the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Arabian Sea on the West. The western coast along the Arabian Sea can again be divided into three sections-
The Konkan Coast- covering coastal Maharashtra and Goa
The Kannada Plains- covering coasts of Karnataka
The Malabar Coast- covering Kerala
On the other hand, the Eastern coast has two broad sections-
The Northern Circar
The Coromandel Coast
Islands
Two groups of islands lie on the two oceans surrounding the main landmass of the subcontinent. These most likely complete the physical features of India. And, the island region is divided by the mainland as well as the seas. Thus forming two major island states-
The Lakshadweep, which lies closer to the Malabar Coast. And, these consist of clusters of coral islands collectively named Lakshadweep.
The Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are off the Bay of Bengal and lie on the Indian Ocean. These group of islands are larger in size than their western counterparts and have rich biodiversity. Because the Andaman & Nicobar islands are closer to the equator, the region also experiences equatorial climate.
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