Question

Physical or logical data independence which is harder to achieve

Answer 1

The ability to modify a scheme definition in one level without affecting a scheme definition in a higher level is called data independence. Logical data independence is harder to achieve as the application programs are usually heavily dependent on the logical structure of the data

Answer 2

Logical data independence seems to be more difficult to attain than physical data independence.

Explanation:

• Application programs are extremely dependent on the conceptual model of the information they control.

• Physical data independence is when the software schema is changed with no need to update the software programs for modification.
• Logical data independence is the freedom to change the logic structure without needing to update the software tools.

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