physiological disorders seen in mango???
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Spongy Tissue in Mango:
It is a major problem in Alphonso, It is a physiological disorder in which fruit pulp remains unripe because of unhydrolyzed starch due to physiological and biochemical disturbances because of high temperature, convective heat and post harvest exposure to sunlight.
Management:
Use of mulching and post harvest exposure to low temperatures between 10-15 C for 10-18 hours has been useful in reducing the malady.
Biennial Bearing in Mango:
This is one of the most burning problems since it renders mango cultivation less remunerative to the growers. Biennial bearing is also known as alternate bearing. It indicates yield variations in alternate years i.e. an year of optimum or heavy fruiting followed by a year of little or no fruiting.
The problem of biennial bearing is a varietal character governed by genetic makeup, and this tendency starts exhibiting in mango plant even at the second year of fruiting and become more serious as the age advances.
Management :
Proper upkeep and after care of orchards, adequate manuring and proper irrigation after fruit set can help in reducing irregular/erratic bearing in mango. Soil drenching with paclobutrazol (5-10g tree) results in minimum outbreak of September to October flushes, which results in early and profuse flowering.
It may be applied every year for regular fruiting, particularly in young trees. Ringing of branches is recommended as means of inducing flowering in the 'Off' year. Ringing should be done in August or early September, well before the time of fruit-bud differentiation.
It involves removal of 1 cm wide ring of bark on a branch of about 15 cm thickness. Ringing stops vegetative growth and results in accumulation of carbohydrates and other metabolites in the portion of the branch above the ring, thereby creating physiological condition for flowering.
Fruit Drop in Mango:
In mango, there is a heavy drop of hermaphrodite flowers and young fruits amounting to 99% or more.The commercially grown varieties, Langra and Dasheri are more susceptible to drop in the month first three weeks of April. The fruit drop is more or less a continuous process and can be classified into three phases, viz. (i) pinhead drop, (ii) post-setting drop and (iii) May-month drop. The fruit drop in first two phases are insignificant compared to the third phase which affects the final yield significantly and needs more attention.
Management :
Regular irrigation during fruit setting and development period can reduce this problem. application of plant bio-regulators like NAA 40 ppm and 2,4 D 20 ppm at 6 week after fruit set, reduce fruit drop considerably. Single spray of NAA or 2,4-D each at 20ppm or Alar 100ppm at pea stage of fruit gives promising results.
Black Tip in Mango :
Black tip is a serious disorder, Coal fumes of brick kilns containing sulphur dioxide, ethylene and carbon monoxide are observed to be responsible for black tip. The damage has been noticed in the mango orchards located up to 200 metres of distance from brick kiln.
The damage to the fruit gets initiated right at marble stage with a characteristic yellowing of tissues at distal end. Gradually, the colour intensifies into brown and finally black.
It is a major problem in Alphonso, It is a physiological disorder in which fruit pulp remains unripe because of unhydrolyzed starch due to physiological and biochemical disturbances because of high temperature, convective heat and post harvest exposure to sunlight.
Management:
Use of mulching and post harvest exposure to low temperatures between 10-15 C for 10-18 hours has been useful in reducing the malady.
Biennial Bearing in Mango:
This is one of the most burning problems since it renders mango cultivation less remunerative to the growers. Biennial bearing is also known as alternate bearing. It indicates yield variations in alternate years i.e. an year of optimum or heavy fruiting followed by a year of little or no fruiting.
The problem of biennial bearing is a varietal character governed by genetic makeup, and this tendency starts exhibiting in mango plant even at the second year of fruiting and become more serious as the age advances.
Management :
Proper upkeep and after care of orchards, adequate manuring and proper irrigation after fruit set can help in reducing irregular/erratic bearing in mango. Soil drenching with paclobutrazol (5-10g tree) results in minimum outbreak of September to October flushes, which results in early and profuse flowering.
It may be applied every year for regular fruiting, particularly in young trees. Ringing of branches is recommended as means of inducing flowering in the 'Off' year. Ringing should be done in August or early September, well before the time of fruit-bud differentiation.
It involves removal of 1 cm wide ring of bark on a branch of about 15 cm thickness. Ringing stops vegetative growth and results in accumulation of carbohydrates and other metabolites in the portion of the branch above the ring, thereby creating physiological condition for flowering.
Fruit Drop in Mango:
In mango, there is a heavy drop of hermaphrodite flowers and young fruits amounting to 99% or more.The commercially grown varieties, Langra and Dasheri are more susceptible to drop in the month first three weeks of April. The fruit drop is more or less a continuous process and can be classified into three phases, viz. (i) pinhead drop, (ii) post-setting drop and (iii) May-month drop. The fruit drop in first two phases are insignificant compared to the third phase which affects the final yield significantly and needs more attention.
Management :
Regular irrigation during fruit setting and development period can reduce this problem. application of plant bio-regulators like NAA 40 ppm and 2,4 D 20 ppm at 6 week after fruit set, reduce fruit drop considerably. Single spray of NAA or 2,4-D each at 20ppm or Alar 100ppm at pea stage of fruit gives promising results.
Black Tip in Mango :
Black tip is a serious disorder, Coal fumes of brick kilns containing sulphur dioxide, ethylene and carbon monoxide are observed to be responsible for black tip. The damage has been noticed in the mango orchards located up to 200 metres of distance from brick kiln.
The damage to the fruit gets initiated right at marble stage with a characteristic yellowing of tissues at distal end. Gradually, the colour intensifies into brown and finally black.
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