Physiological importance of the essential and non essential amino acids
Answers
Essential and nonessential amino acids both produce energy and build proteins, and some form neurotransmitters and hormones. The unique chemical structure of each amino acid determines its function. Amino acids are primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Every protein contains a specific sequence of a few to a thousand amino acids (source). Once your body digests proteins, it is left with amino acids. Your body then uses amino acids to make other beneficial proteins that help the body break down food, grow and repair tissue, and generate energy. Amino acids are classified into two main categories: essential and nonessential.
Essential Amino Acids
There are nine essential amino acids: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Since your body can’t produce or store essential amino acids, it is important to regularly supply your body with these important building blocks. Fill your diet with chicken, eggs, fish, beef, tuna, soybeans, nuts, chia seeds and quinoa, and take a look at the amino acid content of your favorite protein-rich foods. To ensure your body is receiving enough essential amino acids, a good rule of thumb is to consume a minimum of 0.5 grams of protein per pound of lean body weigh every day. Older adults, children, and pregnant women might require more protein and should consult with a dietitian or physician for advice. Finally, if you’re an avid athlete 18 years or older, protein requirements are much higher and may range between 1.0 and 1.5 grams per pound of lean body weight to optimize recovery and lean muscle growth.
Nonessential Amino Acids
Don’t let their name fool you – nonessential amino acids fill essential roles. Nonessential amino acids support tissue growth and repair, immune function, red blood cell formation, and hormone synthesis. However, unlike essential amino acids, a healthy body can create these proteins if given enough protein sources with essential amino acids. There are 11 nonessential amino acids: arginine, glutamine, tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, proline, serine, ornithine, alanine, asparagine, and aspartate. Of these, eight are conditional amino acids. Typically your body will be able to synthesize these amino acids. However, if you are stressed, sick, or not consuming enough protein and carbohydrates, your body might not be able to produce enough of them. The conditional amino acids are arginine, glutamine, tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, proline, serine, and ornithine.