Question

Phytochemical study on diospyros chloroxylon

Answer 1

Despite emphasis being put in research of synthetic
drugs, a certain interest in medicinal plants has been
reborn, in part due to the fact that a lot of synthetic
drugs are potentially toxic and are not free of side effects on
the host. This has urged microbiologists all over the
world for formulation of new antimicrobial agents and
evaluation of the efficacy of natural plant products as a
substitute for chemical antimicrobial agents .
Medicinal plants are well-known natural sources for the
treatment of various diseases since antiquity. About 20,000
plant species used for medicinal purposes are reported by
World Health Organisation (WHO) .
Furthermore, natural products, either pure compounds, or as
standardized plant extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for
new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of
chemical diversity .In the past the wide range of
antimicrobial agents from lower organisms and synthetic drugs
sufficed in the treatment or control of infectious diseases, but
currently there is a problem of microbial drug resistance and
there is an increase of opportunistic infections especially with
AIDS patients and individuals on immunosuppressive
chemotherapy. Many antifungal and antiviral drugs are of
limited use due to toxicity, while other viral diseases have not
yet found a cure. These problems pose a need of searching
more potential drug substances that are new.
Plants are indispensable sources of medicinal preparations,
both preventive and curative. China and India are the leading
countries in using medicinal plants. Their traditions of plant
remedies date back to at least 7000 years. According
to WHO 80% of the World’s population relies on traditional
medicine to meet their daily health requirement. In Africa,
the reliance on such traditional medicine is partly owing to the
high cost of modern drugs and inaccessibility of modern health
institution. Also in Africa, traditional system are more
culturally acceptable and are able to meet psychological needs
in a way western medicine does not. Today the huge
traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is playing an
important role in the development of new drugs. An example
of drugs discussed based on information derived from an
ethnobotanical investigation is aspirin from filipendula ulmar,
morphine from papaver sominiferum, ephedrin from ephedrsinica.
Literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that
plants are the “sleeping giants of pharmaceutical industry”
. They may provide natural source of antimicrobial drugs
that will provide novel or lead compounds that may be
employed in controlling some infections globally .
Diospyros mespiliformis or jakkalsbessie, (also jackalberry
and African ebony) is a large deciduous tree found mostly in
the savannas of Africa. Jackals are fond of the fruits, hence the
common names are known in Hausa as Kaiwa. It is a member
of the family Ebanaceae. A traditional food plant in Africa,
the fruit has potential to improve nutrition and boost food
security. The leave extract is used as remedy for
fever, wound dressing, syphilis and anthelminthic etc].
The second plant is Zizphus Spina-Christi, is known in
Hausa as Kurna; Fulfude; Kurnahi; Kanuri; Korna, and in
Yoruba Eakannase-adie. The Common names of the plant are
Buffalo thorn, Christ thorn, Jujube, Syrian Christthorn. The
plant belongs to the family Rhamanaceae. The leaves are used
in traditional medicine for the treatment of snake bite and to
reduce eye inflammation. Also the barks are used to treat
headaches and also have antihelmenthic and antidiarrhetic
properties.
This present study was intended to carryout the qualitative
phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the leave
extract of the two medicinal plants. To ascertain whereas the
compounds isolated are responsible for the antimicrobial
activities.
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