Question

Planning algorithms use descriptions in some formal language, usually first-order logic or a subset thereof. The first key idea behind planning is to "open up " the representation of
A. States
B. Actions
C. Beliefs
D. Goals

Answer 1

Answer: Observe that the pilot must not only home in on the airport, but must be headed in the right direction when she arrives at the end of the runway.

(a) λ=  

f

c

​

=  

30.0∗10  

6

s  

−1

 

3.00∗10  

8

m/s

​

=10.0m

(b) The first side maximum is at an angle given by dsinθ=(1)λ.

              (40.0m)sinθ=10.0m θ=14.5  

∘

 

     The 2.00 km is the length of the hypotenuse of a triangle with an angle θ:

            y=Lsinθ=(2000m)sin14.5  

∘

=500m

(c) The intent is to inform the pilot which signal of 10-m wavelength in parts (a) and (b) would show maxima at 0  

∘

,14.5  

∘

,30.0  

∘

,48.6  

∘

,and90  

∘

. A signal of wavelength, say, 11.23 m, would show maxima at 0  

∘

,16.3  

∘

,34.2  

∘

,and57.3  

∘

.. The only value in common is 0  

∘

. A strong signal for both frequencies would indicate that the airplane was traveling along the central maximum, thus, straight on the runway. If λ  

1

​

andλ  

2

​

 were related by a ratio of small integers in  

λ  

2

​

 

λ  

1

​

 

​

=  

n  

2

​

 

n  

1

​

 

​

, equivalent to  

f  

2

​

 

f  

1

​

 

​

=  

n  

2

​

 

n  

1

​

 

​

, then the equations dsinθ=n  

2

​

λ  

1

​

 and dsinθ=n  

1

​

λ  

2

​

 would both be satisfied for the same non zero angle. The pilot could approach on an inappropriatevbearing, and run off the runway immediately after touchdown.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Option D) Goals

Planning algorithms use descriptions in some formal language, usually first-order logic or a subset thereof. The first key idea behind planning is to "open up " the representation of Goals.

• One of the simplest planning algorithms, Goal Stack Planning (abbreviated GSP), is made to address issues with compound goals. Additionally, it uses STRIP as a formal language for defining and influencing the world it is interacting with. For plan generation, this method makes use of a stack.
• plan-space, goal-regression, progression, partial-order planning, and total-order planning, among other concepts
• Artificial intelligence planning involves robots or computer programmes making decisions in order to carry out specified tasks or reach a particular objective. Choosing a series of tasks with a high likelihood of completing a certain task is what the plan's execution entails.
• Planning strategically. Strategic planning tries to make sure that all stakeholders, including employees, are putting their energy, focus, and resources toward the same goal.
• Action planning, tactical planning, operational planning, assumption-based planning (ABP), and contingency planning are some of the planning techniques.

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