PLANTS. PROTECT. SMALL. WATER. ANIMALS. FROM. THE. HEAT. OF. THE. SUN
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Apply mulch, preferably a reflective mulch such as dry grass clippings.
The first line of defense against hot weather and the windy conditions that can dry surface soil is to apply a liberal layer of mulch around the plants. This protects the soil from direct sun exposure, keeping it moist at the surface. Mulch also reduces evaporation of water from the soil which reduces the need for watering
Water your garden and shrubs early in the morning.
A heat wave can dry surface soil quickly, which dehydrates shallow roots. Water is also lost through leaves in hot weather, so your plants will need a thorough watering. This should be done early in the morning, especially if you use a sprinkler to water, since most water from a sprinkler is lost to wind and evaporation during the hot times of the day.
Use shade cloth or protective row covers.
Shade cloth offers partial and temporary protection from the sun for garden plants, and it is available at garden centers in a variety of sizes, shade factors and configurations. ‘Shade factors’ refer to the degree of blocked sunlight, and can range from 25% – 90%. Sensitive plants like salad greens may require a 50 – 60% shade factor, while more heat tolerant plants like squash and beans may benefit from a 30% shade cloth.
Locate new transplants within the cover of taller neighbors.
A heat wave is hardest on transplants. The root systems of young starter plants are shallow and more susceptible to drying conditions in the top few inches of the soil. Ideally, you could wait until the heat wave has passed before setting out transplants. But if you have transplants which need to be set out, look for partial shading opportunities provided by taller more mature plants.
Keep lawns at least three inches tall.
It stands to reason that taller grass casts longer shadows. And the added shading from leaving your grass taller than usual will benefit the soil by helping to retain moisture. A minimum depth for getting a shade benefit is three inches, and some groundskeepers set mowers as high as six inches during heat waves or drought conditions.
Gardening during changing times
Heat waves usually are of short enough duration that gardeners can manage to produce successful crops. Prolonged heat waves, of course, are more challenging and crops may be stunted or crop yields reduced.
Unfortunately, the long-term outlook for our climate indicates that in upcoming years we gardeners will need to hone our hot weather gardening skills. The measures described above will likely be common knowledge in the years to come.