PLASTICS A material is said to be 'plastic' if it can be moulded or formed into different shapes. Thus, dough and plasticine are plastics; so is clay and heated glass. However, the word plastics is now commonly used for several human-made materials that can be moulded into desired shapes or drawn into fibres. All these materials have one common property--they are made of polymers. Scientists have created an enormous
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Plastics are derived from natural, organic materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and of crude oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. The production of plastics begins with the distillation of crude oil in an oil refinery. This separates the heavy crude oil into groups of lighter components, called fractions. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains, which differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules.
Two main processes are used to produce plastics - polymerisation and polycondensation. In a polymerisation reaction, monomers such as ethylene and propylene are linked together to form long polymer chains.In a polycondensation reaction, different monomer units are linked together to form long polymer chains. Each polymer has its own properties, structure and size depending on the nature of monomer different quality plastics are produced.
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Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's metabolic activities.
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