__________ plays vital role in improving the socio - economic status of woman
Answers
Answer:
freedom of study
Explanation:
a well educated women leads the world and help others in it's social life
Fact Sheet: Women & Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses not just income but also educational attainment, financial security, and subjective perceptions of social status and social class. Socioeconomic status can encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society. Poverty, specifically, is not a single factor but rather is characterized by multiple physical and psychosocial stressors. Further, SES is a consistent and reliable predictor of a vast array of outcomes across the life span, including physical and psychological health. Thus, SES is relevant to all realms of behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education and advocacy.
SES Affects our Society
SES affects overall human functioning, including our physical and mental health. Low SES and its correlates, such as lower educational achievement, poverty and poor health, ultimately affect our society. Inequities in health distribution, resource distribution and quality of life are increasing in the United States and globally. Society benefits from an increased focus on the foundations of socioeconomic inequities and efforts to reduce the deep gaps in socioeconomic status in the United States and abroad.
SES Impacts the Lives of Women
Research indicates that SES is a key factor in determining the quality of life for women; by extension, it strongly influences the lives of children and families. Inequities in wealth and quality of life for women are long-standing and exist both locally and globally. Behavioral and social science professionals possess the tools necessary to study and identify strategies that could alleviate these disparities at both the individual and societal level.
Quality of Life
Evidence indicates that socioeconomic status affects overall well-being and quality of life for women.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2015), women’s poverty rates were once again substantially above the poverty rates for men. More than 1 in 7 women (nearly 18.4 million) lived in poverty in 2014.In 2012, the poverty rate was 14.5 percent for women, compared to 11 percent for men (Entmacher, Robbins, Vogtman, & Frohlich, 2013). In all racial and ethnic groups, women experienced higher poverty rates than White, non-Hispanic men. Poverty rates for all groups of adult women were also higher than for their male counterparts (Eichner & Robbins, 2015).Eight out of 10 women have full custody of their children, and custodial mothers are twice as likely to have low SES as custodial fathers (Cawthorne, 2008).Domestic and sexual violence against women can often lead to a cycle of poverty through job loss, poor health, and homelessness (Cawthorne, 2008).In 2014, twice as many women aged 65 and older lived in poverty (over 3 million) compared to men (over 1.5 million) in the same age range (Eichner & Robbins, 2015).
Income and Earning Ability
Historically and presently in the United States, men are paid more than women, despite similar levels of education and equivalent fields of occupation. Reduced income for women, coupled with longer life expectancy and increased responsibility to raise children, increase probabilities that women will face economic disadvantages.
The pay gap has steadily narrowed over time; however, in recent years the progress made toward eliminating the pay gap has essentially plateaued. In the 10 years between 2004 and 2014, the earnings ratio slightly increased from 78 percent in 2013 to 79 percent in 2014; the pay gap remains 21 percent (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014).In 2015, women with a high school diploma were paid 80 percent of what men with a high school diploma were paid. Women with postgraduate degrees were paid 74 percent of what their male peers were paid (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 as cited by National Women’s Law Center).Single-mother families, generally relying on the earnings of one adult, are more than 5 times as likely to be living in poverty as married-couple families (Cancian & Reed, 2008).Pregnancy affects work and educational opportunities for women. The cost associated with pregnancy is higher for women than men. In addition, unplanned or untimely pregnancies can prevent women from finishing their education or sustaining employment (Cawthorne, 2008).According to a survey, 46 percent of women believe they have experienced gender discrimination (McCain Nelson, 2013).