Please answer both questions.
1. Enlist categories of Industries on basis of:
(a) raw material
(b) location
(c) scale of operations
(d) size
(e) production
(f) nature of work
(g) ownership of industry
2. Explain kinds of industries based on the above factors.
Answers
Answer:Raw material
Agro-based industries: These industries use plants and animal-based products as their raw materials. Examples, food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, and leather industries.
Mineral based industries: Mineral-based industries are based on mining and use ‘mineral ore‘ as raw material. These industries also provide to other industries. They are used for heavy machinery and building materials.
Marine-based industries: Marine-based industries use raw materials from sea or ocean. Examples, fish oil.
Forest-based industries: These industries use raw materials from the forest like wood. The industries connected with forest are paper, pharmaceutical, and furniture.
2. Size
Size of industries are measured by how much money is invested, employee count and goods produced.
Small-scale industries: Small-scale industries have less capital and technology invested in them. There is often manual labour noticed here. Example, Basket weaving, pottery, and handicrafts.
Large-scale industries: Largescale industries are the exact opposite of small-scale industries. Here the capital invested is large and advanced technology is in use here. Example, Automobiles and Heavy Machinery.
3. Ownership
Private sector: Private industries are businesses that are owned and operated by an individual or group of individuals.
Public sector: Public industries are owned and managed by the government. Example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
Joint sector industries: These industries are jointly operated by the state and individuals. Example, Maruti Udyog.
Cooperative sector industries: Cooperative industries are operated by the suppliers, producers or workers of raw material. Example, Amul India.
Industrial Systems
Industrial systems are made up of input, processes, and output. The input of raw materials, labour, land, power, and other infrastructure. The process is the plan the manufacturer has of how to turn raw materials into finished products of value. And finally, the output is the end of the product from which the income earned it.
Industrial Clusters
Industrial clusters occur when many industries are located close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness. Major industrial clusters in India are:
Mumbai-Pune cluster
Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region
Hugli region
Ahmedabad-Baroda region
Chottanagpur industrial belt
Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt
Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region
Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster
Distribution of Major Industries
As we learned how industries were classified according to raw material, size, and ownership. Here we will learn the distribution of some major industries, which are iron and steel industry and textile industry are the oldest industries that have had their role in Indian industrialization. Information technology is an emerging industry.
Iron and steel industries have their firm hold in countries like Germany, USA, China, Japan, and Russia. While textile industries are flourishing in India, Hong Kong, and South Korea. The new emerging information technology has their concentration in Silicon Valley of California and Banglore of India.
Iron and Steel Industry
Industry
Iron and Steel industries are famously known as the feeders of all the other industries. The products of these industries are used as raw materials in other industries. As we learned the industrial system, this industry comprises of various inputs, processes, and outputs. The input includes raw material such as iron ore, labor, capital, and other infrastructure. Iron ore is then converted into steel by various processes like smelting and refining.
Explanation: