Question

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Answer 1

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(i)

An artificial satellite is an object that people have made and launched into orbit using rockets. There are currently over a thousand active satellites orbiting the Earth. The size, altitude and design of a satellite depend on its purpose.

Sizes and altitudes of satellites

Satellites vary in size. Some cube satellites are as small as 10 cm. Some communication satellites are about 7 m long and have solar panels that extend another 50 m. The largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station (ISS). The main part of this is as big as a large five-bedroom house, but including solar panels, it is as large as a rugby field.

(ii)

An orbit is a regular, repeating path that an object in space takes around another one. An object in an orbit is called a satellite. A satellite can be natural, like the moon, or human (or extraterrestrial?) -made.

In our solar system, the Earth orbits the Sun, as do the other eight planets. They all travel on or near the orbital plane, an imaginary disk-shaped surface in space. All of the orbits are circular or elliptical in their shape. In addition to the planets' orbits, many planets have moons which are in orbit around them.

(iii)

Geo-synchronus satellites are design revolve around equator line of earth or to any specific position like land , county or region. So it's revolve with same time period as earth do. So these satellites never need to cross any poles , that's why geostationary satellites can't be use for pole studies.

Answer 2

1) artificial satellites are human built objects orbiting the earth and other planets in the solar system.this is different from natural satellite moon. The first artificial satellite was soviet sputnik 1.

Satellites can be classified based on their function since they are launched into space to do a specific job

2) orbit of a satellite is its path around the earth.Orbits of a satellite can be classified on various bases.

a) on the basis of the angle of the orbital plane.

b) on the basis of nature of the orbit

c)  on the basis of the height of the satellite.

A satellite orbiting at a height equal to or greater than 35780 km above the surface is called high earth orbit satellite.

A satellite orbiting at the height between 2000 km and 35780 km above the earths surface is called as medium earth orbit satellite

A satellite orbiting at a height between 180 km to 2000 km above earths surface is called low earth orbit satellite.

3) Geostationary satellites have two distinct characteristics-

   a) Geostationary satellites are HEO satellites and are placed at 35780 km above the earths surface

    b) A geostationary satellite revolves in the equatorial plane of the earth and thus it can never fly above the polar regions

hence geostationary satellites arent useful for studies of polar regions

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