please. answer explanation of each techniques of crop production
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Cropping pattern:
In order to get maximum benefits from the piece of land, different pattern of growing crops are followed. These are:
Mixed cropping
Intercropping
Crop rotation
Mixed cropping:
The practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land is called mixed cropping. During mixed cropping, if one crop faces adverse conditions or pathogen attack then the other crop can be saved.
Objective of mixed cropping: The basic objective in mixed cropping is to minimize the risk and insure against the crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions.
Crop-combination used in mixed cropping: some important combinations used by farmers during mixed cropping:
Wheat + Mustard
Groundnut + Sunflower
Wheat + Gram
Cotton + Moong bean
Barley + Chick pea
Criteria for the selection of crops during mixed cropping:
Crops should have different maturation time.
Both crops should have different water requirements.
The nutrient requirement of one crop should be lesser than the other.
If one crop is deep rooted, the other has shallow roots.
If one crop is tall, other should be dwarf.
Advantages of mixed cropping:
Increase in yield
Optimum utilization of soil
Minimum pest infestation
No risk of crop failure
Farmers can harvest varieties of produce at the same time
Intercropping:
The practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in a same field in definite row pattern is called intercropping. The row pattern may be in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. It means after one row of main crop, one, two, or three rows of intercrops can be grown.
Objective of intercropping: The basic objective in intercropping is to increase the productivity per unit area.
Advantages of intercropping:
It helps to maintain the soil fertility.
It makes better use of resources.
It economizes space and time of cultivation of two or more crops.
Each group can be harvested, threshed and marketed separately.
Since the seeds of the two crops not mixed before sowing, fertilizers can be placed as per the need of the crops.
Crop rotation:
The practice of growing different crops on the same piece of land in a preplanned succession is called crop rotation.
Depending upon the duration, crop rotation is classified as:
One-year rotation: Rice-Wheat, Maize-Mustard
Two-year rotation: Maize-Mustard-Sugarcane-Fenugreek, Maize-Potato-Sugarcane-Pea
Three-year rotation: Cotton-Sugarcane-Pea-Maize-Wheat, Rice-Wheat-Mung-Mustard-Sugarcane-Berseem
Selection of crops for rotation: Most commonly, legumes are included in the crop rotation programme. They are used to increase soil fertility.
Those crops which require high fertility level (e.g., wheat) may be grown after growing legumes (e.g., pea). Thus, high input crops such as sugarcane, potato, maize, wheat and rice may be grown before low input required crops. Thus while making selection of crops for crop rotation, the following points should be considered:
Availability of moisture through rain or irrigation.
Status of nutrients in the soil
Availability of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, human power and machine power
Duration of crop-short or long
Marketing and processing facilities.
Advantages of crop rotation:
Fertility of soil maintained for longer period.
The chemical nature of soil is not altered.
It helps in weed and pest control
It saves a lot of nitrogen fertilizers.