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The composite Fish Farming is the aquaculture technique wherein more then one fish are cultivated or cultured in the same water body or pond. These fishes have different food habits like some are surface feeders i.e., they take the live food of plankton or microorganisms and microalgae present on the surface of the water, some are mid-water feeders i.e., they consume submerged plants, swimming insects and such other organisms staying in the mid-water. The third category is of bottom feeders which feed on the detritus, mud living organisms etc., on the bottom.
By adopting composite fish culture systems, intensive fish farming can be done. Both local and imported fish species are used in such systems. In such a system, a combination of five or six fish species is used in a single fish pond. These species are selected in such a way that they have different types of food habits and don’t compete for food among themselves. As a result, the food available in all the parts of the pond is used.
For example: Catlas are surface feeders, Rohus feed in the middle-zone of the pond, Mrigals and Common Carps are bottom feeders, and Grass Carps feed on the weeds. Together these species can use all the food in the pond without competing with each other. This naturally increases the fish yield from the pond.
One problem with such a composite fish culture is that many of these fishes breed only during monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild, it can be mixed with that of other species as well. So a major problem in fish farming is the lack of availability of good quality seed. To overcome this problem, now some ways have been worked out to breed these fish in ponds using hormonal stimulation. This has ensured the supply of pure fish seed in desired quantifies