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Answers
Relative density:- It is defined as a ratio of density of particular substance with that of water.
Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces and acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the displaced fluid.
It's two aaplications are:
Floating of aquatic animals
Constructionof ships, steemers and boats
Mass is a property of matter. The mass of an object is the same everywhere, but Weight depends on the effect of gravity. Weight varies according to location.
Mass can never be zero. but Weight can be zero if no gravity acts upon an object, as in space.
Mass does not change according to location. but Weight increases or decreases with higher or lower gravity.
Mass is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude. but Weight is a vector quantity. It has magnitude and is directed toward the center of the Earth or other gravity well.
Mass may be measured using an ordinary balance. but Weight is measured using a spring balance.
Mass usually is measured in grams and kilograms. but Weight often is measured in newtons, a unit of force.
Newton's law of universal gravitation : the law states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
G stands for Newton's universal gravitational constant, whereas g stands for the acceleration due to gravity at a certain point.
G = 6.67300 × 10-11 N.m2.kg-2. G is a constant throughout space and time.
g = 9.8 m.s-2. g is a variable quantity.
G is a scalar quantity whereas g is a vector qualtity.
(According to Newton's law of universal gravitation the force of attraction between two bodies is given by F = GMm/r2, where the symbols stand for their usual well known meanings. Also the weight of a body of mass m is F = mg.
So mg = GMm/r2,
or g = GM/r2
g is a constant at a given location, which depends upon M and r