Question

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Answer 1

Part by mass of the following molecular formulae are :-


Molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g/mol


Molar mass of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + 16×3


Molar mass of CaCO3 = 100g/mol


Molar mass of HCl = 1 + 35 = 36g/mol


Molar mass of H2SO4 = 1×2 + 32 + 16×4 = 98g/mol


Molar mass of HNO3 = 1 + 14 + 16×3 = 63g/mol


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Answer 2

Electronic Configuration :

The distribution of electrons in the atom at different shells or orbitals in a lowest level to highest energy level.

Atomic orbitals or shells : These are regions in which electron are divided into lower to higher level of energy.

Orbits or shells

K , L , M , N to Q

Here first shell is denoted by K having a lowest energy level.

How we find accomodation of electron in each shell of atom ?

The energy level is defined by the formula 2n²

$\begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \cline{1-4} shell & n & 2n^{2} & Energy \\ K & 1 & 2(1)^{2} & 2 \\ L & 2 & 2(2)^{2} & 8\\ M & 3 & 2(3)^{2} & 18\\ N & 4 & 2(4)^{2} & 32\\ \cline{1-4} \end{tabular} \end{center}$

n = position or number of electron

Note : according to rule first shell take only 2 electrons and at different level first we fill 8 - 8 electrons in each shell .

For example :

Element : Sodium

Atomic number : 11

Electronic configuration as follows

$\begins{center} \begins{table}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \cline{1-5} Shell & K & L & M & N \\ en- & 2 & 8 & 1 & - \\ \cline{1-5} \end{tabular} \end{center} Element : Calcium Atomic number : 20 [tex] \begins{center} \begins{table}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \cline{1-5} Shell & K & L & M & N \\ en- & 2 & 8 & 8 & 2 \\ \cline{1-5} \end{tabular} \end{center}$
Clearly you get how we distribute electron in each and every shell.