Question

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Answer 1

Question

With the help of the Indian map, answer the following.

1. Classify Himalayan mountains and explain.

2. Classify Nothern plains and explain.

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Answer

1.  (i) The Himalayan mountains can be divided into 4 main parts on the basis of their region from west to east.

• Punjab Himalayas or Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya → They are the part of Himalayas that lie between the Indus and Satluj rivers.
• Kumaon Himalayas → They are the part of Himalayas that lie between the Satluj and Kali rivers east of Punjab Himalayas or Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas.
• Nepal Himalayas → They are the part of Himalayas that lie between the Kali and Tista rivers east of the Kumaon Himalayas.
• Assam Himalayas → They are the part of Himalayas that lie between the Tista and Brahmaputra rivers east of the Nepal Himalayas.

[Map attached]

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(ii) Himalayas can also be divided into 3 parallel ranges.

• Himadri → They are the Northernmost Himalayas also known as Great or the Inner Himalayas. They have an average height of 600 m and are continuous ranges with loftiest peaks. Most of the famous peaks are found here and the folds of the mountain are asymmetrical in nature. The core here is composed of granite and these ranges are perennially snowbound. Several glaciers descend from these ranges.
• Himachal → They are also known as Lesser Himalayas and they lie south of the Himadri. They form the most rugged mountain system in the world. Rocks present in these peaks are highly compressed and altered. The longest and most important peak here is the Pir Panjal Ranges. They consist of famous valleys and are well known for hill stations.
• Shiwaliks → They are the outermost range of the Himalayas and have unconsolidated sediments. The valleys found here are covered with thick gravel and alluvial.

[Map attached]

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2. Nothern Plains can be divided into three parts.

• Punjab Plains → They are the western part of the Nothern Plains and are formed by the Indus river and its tributaries. A major part of this plain lies in Pakistan. This part of The Nothern Plain is dominated by the doabs. The land between 2 rivers is known as doab.
• Brahmaputra Plains → It lies south of the Ganga Plains and is found mostly in Assam.
• Ganga Plains → It extends between Ghaggar and Testa rivers and is found in the Northern states like Haryana, Delhi, Bihar, etc.

[Map Attached]

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