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Kinetic Molecular Theory
Take a glass of water. Drop a few drops of red food coloring in it. What happens? The red food coloring drops should make their way down the glass of water slowly, spread out and finally tint all of the water a reddish color. Why does this happen? It happens because both substances are made out of molecules that are constantly moving. These molecules have energy; one of the fundamental principles of the kinetic molecular theory.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is a model used to explain the behavior of matter. It is based on a series of postulates.
Some of the postulates of KMT are as follows:
Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. This energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature.
There is space between particles. The amount of space in between particles is related to the substance's state of matter.
Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes sufficiently.
There are attractive forces in between particles called intermolecular forces. The strength of these forces increase as particles get closer together.One of these images is of pyrite crystals in their naturally occurring cubic form; the other is the structure of phosphorus trioxide on the molecular scale. What properties of solids do you notice?
Solid substances have definite shapes and volumes. Solid particles do move, but not very far! Solid particles have relatively little kinetic energy and vibrate in place. Because of this, they can't flow like liquids. Most solids are arranged in a tightly packed crystalline structure. The crystalline structure is an orderly, repeating arrangement of particles called a crystal lattice. The shape of the crystal shows the arrangement of the particles in the solid.
Some solids aren't crystalline-shaped. The ones that aren't are called amorphous solids. Amorphous solids don't have orderly internal structures. Examples of amorphous solids include rubber, plastic and glass. Wax is also an amorphous solid. It can be molded into any shape and remolded anytime it is warmed up a bit.