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1. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chainsvia hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the absorption of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.
2.The dogma is a framework for understanding the transfer of sequence information between information-carrying biopolymers, in the most common or general case, in living organisms. There are 3 major classes of such biopolymers: DNA and RNA (both nucleic acids), and protein.
3.mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus using the nucleotide sequence of DNA as a template. This process requires nucleotide triphosphates as substrates and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase II. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called transcription, and it occurs in the nucleus.
4.Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
5.In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ERsynthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.
6.the movement of a portion of one chromosome to another; in protein synthesis, the transfer of the newly elongated peptidyl-tRNA from the amino acyl site to the peptide site of a ribosome; in cell biology, the movement of a molecule across a barrier or between cytosol and membrane surface is called translocation.
7. DNA is a dynamic and adaptable molecule. As such, the nucleotide sequences found within it are subject to change as the result of a phenomenon called mutation.
8.answer for triplet codon:
Triplet codons are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids.A genetic code comprises three nitrogenous bases in a row(A-adenine,G-guanine,C-cytosine,U-uracil).The DNA sequence of a gene is divided into a series of triplet codons.Each set of three bases in DNA or RNA can combine as total of third power of 4=64 codons which specify the 20 amino acids found in proteins.Polypeptide chain termination is signalled by three termination codons--UAA(ochre),UAG(amber) and UGA(opal).They do not specify any amino acid and are called nonsense codons.