please answer these key terms
Answers
1. Involuntary action -
Actions which take place without consciousness or willingness of an individual are called the involuntary action. Digestion, heart beating, sneezing, etc are few examples of involuntary actions.
2. voluntary action -
When an action is produced with the involvement of thoughts, they are called voluntary action. It involves actions like walking, eating, jumping and running.
3. Neuron -
Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.
4. Reflex action -
reflex is an involuntary action in response to a stimulus. This is a spontaneous action without thinking. For example, we adjust our eyes when exposed to bright light. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a system of nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) (includes the brain and spinal cord) with other parts of the body
5. synapse -
Synapses are highly specialized contacts between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells.
6. Nerotransmitter -
A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse. The cell receiving the signal, any main body part or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell.
7. Afferent neuron -
Afferent neurons, also called sensory neurons, are the nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain. Sensory information may involve special senses, such as vision, hearing, smell, or taste, as well as the sense of touch, pain, and temperature.
8. Efferent neuron -
Efferent neurons, also called motor neurons, are the nerve fibers responsible for carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate an action. In other words, they are the neurons that tell your body to perform an action, such as removing your hand from a hot pan.
9. Relay neuron -
Relay neurons are widely found in our nervous system, including the Thalamus, spinal cord and lateral geniculate body. They receive a modulating input (background activity) and a reference input. The modulating input modulates relay of the reference input.
10. stimulus -
A stimulus is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change.Stimuli can be external or internal.
An example of external stimuli is your body responding to a medicine.An example of internal stimuli is your vital signs changing due to a change in the body.
Stimuli include:
Irritants
Sights
Smells
Sounds
Temperature changes
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