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1. The Sanskrit term janapada is a tatpurusha compound term, composed of two words: janas and pada. Jana means "people" or "subject" (cf. Latin cognate genus, English cognate kin). The word pada means "foot" (cf. ... An original dvandva "land and people" is conceivable, but a dual inflection would be expected.
2. Anga.
Assaka (or Asmaka)
Avanti.
Chedi.
3. Ajatashatru (c. 493/492 BCE - c. 462/460 BCE) was the second important king of the Haryanka Dynasty, who came to the throne of Magadha by deposing and executing his own father Bimbisara.
4. Bimbisara extended his territories through conquests and marriages. He married the daughter of the king of Kosala and received the province of Kashi as dowry. The ruler of Kosala thus became his friend. He also married the Lichchavi princess of Vaishali and thereby extended his friendship ties in this region.
5. Anga, Kosala, Vaishali, etc.
6. The Magadhan rulers had well-organised, efficient, and powerful armies, which consisted of elephants, horses, and chariots. The Magadhan territory being fertile produced surplus food. The Magadhan rulers gained immensely from trade and commerce. The rivers like Ganga, Son, etc.
7. Bimbisara
Bimbisara, (born c. 543—died 491 bce), one of the early kings of the Indian kingdom of Magadha. His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Mauryan empire.
8. Chandragupta
left a large power vacuum, and Chandragupta took advantage, gathering an army and overthrowing the Nanda power in Magadha, in present-day eastern India, marking the start of the Mauryan Empire. After crowning himself king, Chandragupta took additional lands through force and by forming alliances.