Question

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Answer 1

Answer to given questions:

1) Which of the phases of cell cycle is of long duration?

Answer: Interphase

Explanation: This cycle involves the replica generation of the DNA and the cell grows. Preparation for division of its mother cells happens in this phase and divided into G₁, S, and G₂. The G₁, S, and G₂, together are labelled as Interphase.

2) Which part of the person's body should one use to illustrate phases in Mitosis?

Answer: Somatic Cells

Explanation: Excluding germinal cells in both genders, every cell in a human body are somatic cells. In other words, mitosis would take place in cells that are not involved in production of gametes.

3)If a tissue has at a given time 1024 cells. How many cycles of mitosis had the original parental single cell undergone?

Answer: 10 cycles

Explanation: Production of daughter cell by each cell= 2

                     Formula to calculate= 2ⁿᵘᵐᵇᵉʳ ᵒᶠ ᶜʸᶜˡᵉ= No. of daughter cells

                     2ⁿ = 1024

                     2ⁿ = 2¹⁰

                      n= 10

The number of mitosis cycle is 10.

4) It is noticed that heart cells do not display cell split. Such cells do not split further and depart _phase to go in for an inactive phase called__ of cell cycle. Fill in the blanks.

Answer: G1 phase, quiescent stage(G0)

Explanation: The G0 or quiescent stage of cell is where the majority of cells rest and do not duplicate.

5) The following events occur during the various phases of the cell cycle. Fill in the blanks with suitable answer against each

a) Disintegration of nuclear membrane: Prophase

Explanation: Disintegration of nuclear envelope, disappearance of nucleolus, and condensation of chromosomes.

b) Appearance of nucleolus: Telophase

Explanation: When chromosomes starts losing their individuality at the beginning of mitosis's final stage, the nucleolus appears.

c) Division of centromere: Anaphase

Explanation: The migration towards opposite poles begins after the splitting of chromosomes at metaphase plate.

d) Replication of DNA: Synthesis Phase

Explanation: Replication or duplication of DNA takes place during this stage.

Answer any three of the given:

6) In which phase of meiosis are the following formed? Choose the answers from the hint points given below:

a) Synaptonemal  Complex 1

Answer: Prophase 1 of meiosis 1

b)Recombination nodules 2

Answer: Prophase 1 of meiosis

c) Appearance/activation of 3 enzyme recombinase

Answer: Prophase 1 of meiosis

d) Termination of chiasmata 4

Answer: Diplotene phase of prophase 1

e) Interkinesis 5

Answer: meiosis between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

f) Formation of dyad of cells 6

Answer: Telophase stage

7) Explain prophase-1 of Meiosis

Answer: It only occurs in sexual reproductive organisms. The prophase-1 stage involves the crossing over and reconnection of genetic constituents between non sister chromatids. The consequence include the generation of identical, genetically haploid daughter chromatid cells. The prophase-1 occurs in five phase - Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, and Diakinesis.

8) Mention the key features of meiosis.

Answer: The integral features of meiosis are listed below:

• Every cell division results in the formation of four daughter cells.
• The formulated cells are identical to mother cells in terms of shape and size. Although, the number of chromosomes are different.
• The resultant cells are haploid.
• Rejoining and separation takes place.
• It occurs in reproductive organs and the gametes are formed.
• Meiosis-I and Meiosis-II are two sub steps of the whole procedure.

9) Though redundantly, interphase is described as a resting phase. Comment.

Answer: Interphase and mitotic phase are two integral phases. Interphase involves three sub-divisions

- G1 phase : When cell grows

- S phase: Also know as synthesis phase where the DNA replicates.

- G0 phase: When cell grows

The whole phase doesn't involve any cell division or split, it just prepares itself for mitosis. Therefore, it is labelled as the resting phase.

10) How Telophase is reverse of prophase?

Answer: Prophase is the initial step off mitosis whereas telophase is considered as the final stage.

• As happens in prophase, nucleoplasm surrounds the chromatin area.
• Spindle is transformed into sol state and disappears.
• Disappearance results in the formation of two daughter nuclei at opposite poles of spindle.

The above phases confirms that telophase is the reverse of prophase.

11) Differentiate between the events of meiosis and mitosis.

Answer: Here are the dissimilarities between both events.

• Mitosis is considered as diploid whereas meiosis is haploid.
• Mitosis takes place in somatic cells unlike mitosis that takes place in reproductive cells and forms gametes.
• Unlike mitosis, crossing over and variations takes place in meiosis.
• Mitosis is one division of four steps whereas meiosis is two division of each four step.
• Mitosis results in two daughter cells whereas meiosis in four daughter cells.