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While much has been said about the poor working and living conditions of short-term migrants, relatively little is known of the impact of short-term migration on child welfare. This column finds that although short-term migration does not lead to child labour, children of migrants have poorer educational outcomes.
Compared to other developing countries, permanent migration to cities in India is rare. However, many researchers and policymakers have noticed a large group of poor, often tribal, short-term migrant workers. Much has been written of temporary, circular and seasonal migrants, particularly with regard to their poor working and living conditions, lack of access to public services and programmes, and exploitation by employers and labour contractors (Breman 1996, Mosse et al. 2002, Banerjee and Duflo 2007, Haberfeld 1999, Rogaly 1998). However, relatively little has been written about their children. So, what are the implications of short-term migration for child welfare?
I was a part of a team that undertook a survey in a tribal region on the borders of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in 2010 to investigate the linkages between short-term migration, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)1 and rural livelihoods (Coffey et al. 2013). The survey included several questions about the children of short-term migrants, and produced some surprising findings on the impact of short-term migration on children’s welfare (see Coffey, 2013).
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