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The city of Jhansi, also known as the City of Rani Lakshmi Bai, served as another place where the spark of ''Sepoy Mutiny'' reached and later turned into a war. Britishers had annexed the princely state of Jhansi under the policy of 'Doctrine of Lapse' thereby refusing to accept the adopted son of Rani as heir to the throne. When the war broke out, Jhansi became the center of the rebellion in central India. Rani Lakshmi Bai successfully saved the kingdom from the armies of the neighboring Rajas of Datia and Orchha who were loyal to British. She was defeated by the Company forces under the command of Sir Hugh Rose. Afterwards Rani with the help of Marathas captured the city of Gwalior. She died during the Battle of Gwalior (June 17, 1858). Many British commanders compared her with “Joan of Arc” for her fearless fight for kingdom.
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's transformation into Mahatma Gandhi began from the Champaran Satyagraha, which was his first successful mass movement. Britishers at that time had forced Indian farmers to cultivate Indigo, which was used for dying cloths and not the food crops that was necessary for their survival. Cultivation of Indigo further worsened the condition of several poor farmers, many of whom later died of starvation. Raj Kumar Shukla, a money lander, persuaded Gandhi ji to visit Champaran and see the plight of poor farmers. Initially, British crown asked Gandhi to leave Champaran but he refused to do so and he was supported by prominent leaders. Finally, Champaran Agrarian Law was passed and the Britishers had to lift the ban. Champaran Satyagraha was the first successful Satyagraha on Indian soil.
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