Physics, asked by bhumimahajan016, 5 months ago

please answer this question correctly....​

Attachments:

Answers

Answered by sardapatel40
0

Answer:

Sorry I do not know dear.....

Answered by SushantLover
3

Answer:

SCIENCE

Biology

Cells

Molecular

Microorganisms

Genetics

Human Body

Ecology

Chemistry

Atomic & Molecular Structure

Bonds

Reactions

Stoichiometry

Solutions

Acids & Bases

Thermodynamics

Organic Chemistry

Physics

Fundamentals

Mechanics

Electronics

Waves

Energy

Fluid

Astronomy

Geology

Fundamentals

Minerals & Rocks

Earth Structure

Fossils

Natural Disasters

Nature

Ecosystems

Environment

Insects

Plants & Mushrooms

Animals

MATH

Arithmetic

Addition & Subtraction

Multiplication & Division

Decimals

Fractions

Conversions

Algebra

Working With Units

Equations & Expressions

Ratios & Proportions

Inequalities

Exponents & Logarithms

Factorization

Functions

Linear Equations

Graphs

Quadratics

Polynomials

Geometry

Fundamentals

Cartesian

Circles

Solids

Trigonometry

Probability & Statistics

Mean/Median/Mode

Independent/Dependent Variables

Deviation

Correlation

Sampling

Distributions

Probability

Calculus

Differentiation/Integration

Application

PROJECTS

NEWS

search

How to Calculate the Percentage of Ionization Given the pH

Updated June 04, 2018

By Kevin Beck

The pH of a solution is a measure of the hydrogen ions, or protons, present in that solution. Because acids are proton donors, in everyday terms, you can say that a solution containing a "strong acid" (that is, an acid with a high propensity to donate its protons) is "more acidic." A solution consisting of a certain concentration of the powerful acid HCl, hydrochloric acid, will be "more acidic" than a solution containing a similar concentration of acetic acid, or plain vinegar. In chemical terms, this is because the pH of hydrochloric acid is lower.

You can write an undissociated acid schematically as HA, or you can write its constituents in solution as H+ (the proton) and A- (the conjugate of the acid). For example, formic acid (found in ant venom) is HCOOH, but its components are H+ and COOH-. Importantly, when this comparatively weak acid dissolves in solution, all three molecules exist in varying proportions. The extent to which any acid gives off protons is the extent to which it is ionized, and this is a function of a property of the acid known as its Ka, which you can find in tables online or in books.

You can calculate the percentage of ionization of an acid given its pH in the following way:

Step 1: Convert pH to [H+]

pH is defined as -log [H+], where [H+] is the concentration of protons in solution in moles per liter, i.e., its molarity.

If, for example, you have a 0.1 M solution of formic acid with a pH of 2.5, you can substitute this value into the pH equation:

2.5 = -log [H+]

[H+] = 1 ÷ 102.5 = 0.00316 M = 3.16 × 10-3 mol/L = 3.16 mmol/L

Similar questions