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Babur was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of another Mongol grAfter ruling successfully for 3 centuries, during the last decade of the 17th century- the Mughal Empire started going towards its decline phase. And by the beginning of the 18th century,the empire almost lost its base at the central level and regional level as well as not only the political boundaries of the empire shrink but the decline also saw the collapse of the administrative structure terribly.
However, the process of decline and the emergence of the regional politics have been intensily debated among historians. It has also been a subject on which scholarly opinions is more sharply divided then any other aspects of the Mughal history. The first set of historians who precisely worked on the Mughal history from 1960–80s for instance, William Irvine and Jadunath Sarkar gave the argument that Aurangzeb's religious policy and weak characters of tge Mughal emperor were the main reasons behind the decline of the Mughal Empire.
But the second set of historians like Satish Chandra, M.Athur Ali and few other modern historians categorically rejected the previous argument of Irvine and Sarkar. And on the basis of new research and analysis they gave the new argument that the crisis in the Jagirdari System and a few more adminstrative weakness were the main reasons behind the decline of the Mughal Empire. They also said that Aurangzeb's religious policy need to be re-examine carefully without any biasness and the emperor should not be held responsible for the decline of the empire.
Broadly there are four and five reasons for the decline of Mughal Empire:-
1)Crisis in Jagirdari System
According to Satish Chandra, M Athur Ali and Nurul Hasan the decline of empire due to growing number of jagirdars and over the periods the way the became so powerful and caused the crisis in Jagirdari System.
Due to Jagirdari System, the income of the state got reduce. Similarly, jagirdars were only interested in collection of their revenue from Jagirs but they didn't took any interest to improve the production. Infact they became burden on peasantry class as peasants were forced to pay more taxes to fullfill their increasing demands. The growing number of noble class and Aurangzeb's Deccan policies made the situation more complex and critical as nobles started fighting to get good jagirs in South India and that's how the jagirdari system played a very crucial role in tge decline of the Mughal Empire.
2)Weak Successors of Aurangzeb
Though the period of Aurangzeb was full of challenges because of the economical crisis which was the Mughal Empire going through but still the emperor try to xut down the many expenses of the administration and army expenditure as well to develop a balance but unfortunately after him none of the successor could face the challenges.
3)Degeneration of Mughal Army
It also played a great path in the collapse of the Mughal Empire as the organisation and composition of the Mughal army was weak and defective. Main reason of this was the army men who're from different unity and clans like Turks, Afghans,Rajputs,etc
So because of the different background they could never unite and try to put down each other's community. Similarly since they were recruited by the Mansabdars to prove their loyalty towards the state. So the army always walked as a divided army and during the phase of weak successors they favoured Mansabdars against the central.
4)Failure of Aurangzeb's Deccan Policy
Aurangzeb was very keen to expand the territory of Mughal Empire precisely towards the South regressively the initiative campaigning in various parts of South India. Unfortunately, the empire gained nothing from these military campaigning but lost a good amount of wealth from the central treasure as well as over the decades it became difficult for the empire to bear the expenses of big standing army.
5)Rise of Regional powers precisely the rise of Marathas
In the 16tg century, many regional powers started emerging in the Deccan but the most important and powerful Kingdom was Marathas. According to Irfan Habib, basically the Marathas and the Deccan began emerging since there early 17th century under Bijapur,Ahmadnagar, and Golkunda state. Many people of these groups has already been served to Golkunda and Bijapur State but since the Mughal Empire started getting weak by the mid of 17th century, the Marathas took the advantage of this and try to establish their own new Kingdom and precisely under the leadership of Shivaji tge Maratha power emerged very powerfully and became real threat to the Mughal Empire.
Infact because of their regular challenges to the Mughal emperor and their failures to responding ultimately caused as the main factor for the decline of the Mughal Empire called uzbegs.