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CLASS 9
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- pic one
- Artificial immunity can be active or passive. Immunity: Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, where as artificial immunity develops only through deliberate actions of exposure.
- pic no 2 is the answer of question no 3
- Each vaccine contains a small amount of the disease germ (virus or bacteria) or parts of the germ. Examples are the measles virus, pertussis (whooping cough) bacteria, and tetanus toxoid.
- In biology, immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful microorganisms. Immunity involves both specific and nonspecific components. The nonspecific components act as barriers or eliminators of a wide range of pathogens irrespective of their antigenic make-up.
- Antibiotics fight bacterial infections either by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending its growth. They do this by: attacking the wall or coating surrounding bacteria. interfering with bacteria reproduction.
- However, treating viral infections with antibiotics in order to prevent bacterial infections is not recommended because of the risk of causing bacterial resistance: Remember that antibiotics do not work against viral colds and the flu, and that unnecessary antibiotics can be harmful.
- Viruses are different to bacteria; they have a different structure and a different way of surviving. Viruses don't have cell walls that can be attacked by antibiotics; instead they are surrounded by a protective protein coat
- This phenomenon has long been known; it may explain why the ancient Egyptians had the practice of applying a poultice of mouldy bread to infected wounds. But it was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London.
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