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Answer 1

Answer:

D) 1)The points are as below

1. For the first time the all india revolt was staged against britishers.
2. For the first time hindus and muslims fought for a common cause against the britishers.
3. This revolt lead the foundation stone of the future freedom struggle of India

2) The doctrine of lapse was introduced by lord dalhousie which stated that any indian kindom without a natural male heir would lapse and be taken by the british. Many kingdoms were occupied by the Company by implementing this doctrine

3) Lord Wellesley, A British governor was the one who promoted the policy of subsidiary alliance. According to the alliance, kings were not allowed to have their own armed forces. They were provided with the subsidiary forces from the side of British government. Instead of that they have to pay for the subsidiary forces to the Britishers. If a king failed to do so then his part of territory may be taken or he also may be removed from the king's post. Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept a well-framed subsidiary alliance.

4) When the British entered India, they started exploiting the Indian economy in different ways. They imposed heavy taxes on the landowners and snatched all their earnings at the end of the season. They started replacing the local crafts with artificial and hand-made items. The locals got no chance to earn something, and their condition became pitiable eventually due to strict policies of the British.

5) the revolt of 1857 was known as the first war of independence because it was the cause of a big rebellion which started all because when the British introduced Enfield rifle's cartridges which were greased with the fats of pigs and cows, the sacred for Hindus and unclean for Muslims against their religion

E)1)  The immediate cause of sepoy mutiny of 1857 was religious belief . The greased cartridges was made up of paper which need to be bitten off for loading into riffle.Therefore revolt started from Meerut on 10April 1857 and soon spread across entire north India.

2) The Five main causes of the revolt of 1857 or first war of Independence were :

1. Doctrine of lapse which snatched the kingdoms of princes without legal heirs was one of the major causes of first war of independence.
2. Economic exploitation of people in the form of taxes,  land revenue etc was another main cause of first war of independence.
3. Interference in the social and religious life of people also made Indians to turn against the British.
4. Discrimination in army with Indian sepoys made the sepoys to turn against the British.
5. The immediate cause was the introduction of new rifles with a rumor of greased cartridges of fat of cow and pig.

3)  British in India takes many steps to suppress the revolts going on after the jallianwla bagh incident :

1. They picked leaders from Amritsar, and don't allow Gandhi to enter in Delhi.
2. They also make satyagrahis to rub their nose on the ground.
3. They also make satyagrahis to crawl on the ground and to salute the sahibs.
4. This was all done to create terror and awe in satyagrahis.

4) This failed due to the reason that it did not take place at the same time and instead in different time in different place. It was supposed to arise a few days after but due to many causes it arouse earlier. Many of the Prince's remained loyal to the British. Thus it failed.

5)  The Revolt of 1857 gave a severe jolt to the British administration in India and made its re-organization inevitable. The Government of India’s structure and policies underwent significant changes in the decades following the Revolt.Changes in Administration: By the Act of Parliament of 1858, the power to govern India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. The authority over India, wielded by the Directors of the Company and the Board of Control, was now to be exercised by a Secretary of State for India aided by a Council. Under the Act, the government was to be carried on as before by the Governor-General who was given the title of Viceroy or Queen’s personal representative. The Act of 1858 provided that the Governor-General would have an Executive Council whose members were to act as heads of different departments and as his official advisers

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Answer 2

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Explanation:

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