Please answer this quickly!
Give outlines of the following methods which are generally employed for the seperation of the constituents of a mixture
I) Sedimentation and Decantation
II) Filtration
III) Sublimation
IV) Distillation
Answers
Sedimentation
It is defined as the separation process in which solids are separated from the liquid. All the solids settle down at the bottom of a beaker and on top, a clear layer of liquid is obtained. Sedimentation is a process by which heavier impurities present in liquid normally water settle down at the bottom of the container containing the mixture. The process takes some amount of time.
Example
- Water treatment plants use the method of sedimentation to filter out unwanted particles from unclean water.
Decantation
It is defined as the separation process in which two immiscible liquids are separated. This is done by pouring out the clear upper layer of liquid. Separation of a mixture of oil from water is an example of decantation.
Example
- This process can also be used to separate two liquids that do not mix e.g., oil and water. When we leave the mixture of oil and water, two separate layers are formed, with water at the bottom and oil, being lighter, at the top. We can remove the oil layer from the top by pouring it into another vessel, which leaves us with the water layer at the bottom.
Filtration
It is defined as the separation process in which insoluble impurities are separated from the solution. Filtration is done with the help of filter paper. Filtering mud from muddy water is an example of filtration.
Example
- The mixture of sand and water. Filtration is used here to remove solid particles from the liquid. Various filtering agents are normally used like filtering paper or other materials
Sublimation
Sublimation is the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage. For those of us interested in the water cycle, sublimation is most often used to describe the process of snow and ice changing into water vapor in the air without first melting into water.
Distillation
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation, or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture.
distillation
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