Question

please define the following

a. Transition elements
b. Typical elements
c. Bridge elements
d. Normal elements

Answer 1

a . Transition elements (also known as transition metals) are elements that have partially filled d orbitals. IUPAC defines transition elements as an element having a d subshell that is partially filled with electrons, or an element that has the ability to form stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital.

In general, any element which corresponds to the d-block of the modern periodic table (which consists of groups 3-12) is considered to be a transition element. Even the f-block elements comprising the lanthanides and the actinides can be considered as transition metals.

b . Hydrogen, helium and all the elements belonging to the groups headed by lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon in the modern periodic table are often collectively termed as 'typical elements', 'main group elements', non-transition elements or 's and p block elements' by different authors ...

c . Bridge elements are elements that belongs to period 2 of the periodic table. they are called so because they show resemblance in property diagonally i.e the elements of period2 show resemblance to the the elements of period 3 of the next group… like lithium magnesium;berillium aluminium;boron silicon…..etc.

d . short note on normal elements and halogens of periodic table

• Halogen family: Group 17 elements—fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At). ...
• Normal elements: Elements belonging to the s- and p-blocks in the periodic table are called the normal elements or main group elements.

Answer 2

Answer:

a)The transition elements are those elements having a partially filled d or f subshell in any common oxidation state. The term "transition elements" most commonly refers to the d-block transition elements. ... They have several oxidation states. They usually form colored compounds. They are often paramagnetic.

b)Typical elements : Elements of period II are called typical elements because the number of valence electrons of these elements matches exactly with the Group they are placed in. The group represents exactly the number of valence electrons.

c)Bridge elements are elements that belongs to period 2 of the periodic table. they are called so because they show resemblance in property diagonally i.e the elements of period2 show resemblance to the the elements of period 3 of the next group… like lithium magnesium;berillium aluminium;boron silicon…..etc.

d)Halogen family: Group 17 elements—fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At). ... Normal elements: Elements belonging to the s- and p-blocks in the periodic table are called the normal elements or main group elements.

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